| 2005-6-29 星期三(Wednesday) 晴 |
【课文讲解】
how引导宾语从句
has some terrible secret
which 引导的定语从句，修饰说明secret
seemingly: 9=from appearence )从表面上看来，
a seemingly respectable person:表面上受尊重的人
possess:(= have got, own )
不定式to作定语，修饰说明vivid saying, 来描述这种场景。
some—表示“某一个”，修饰单数可数名词
ruin 泛指概念，表示毁坏的过程不是一下完成的 （spoil ）
The rain ruined / spoiled our holiday.
destroy: 把凭借某种外力来破坏和摧毁事物，完全摧毁
The earthquake destroyed almost entired city.
damage: 侧重强调把…弄坏，但是可以修复
one's hair stands on end :某人感到毛骨悚然的
I thought I was alone in my room until I heard the mysterious noice again, and my hair stands on end.
make/set one's hair stand on end: 使某人感到毛骨悚然的
in her youth:在她年轻时
everyone
every one of与介词of 连用时要分开
it is all very well but 不赞成不满意的反语，“好倒是好，但是……”
Eg: It is all very well for them to ask me to do it, but I am too busy.
It is all very well for you to suggent taking a few days rest, but how can finish our work in time.
occur: 某个事件出乎意料的发生（正式）
happen: 某个事件出乎意料发生
take place: 事件根据安排“举行”
Eg.: When did the accident happen / occur?
It occured to me that / to do.
It occured to me to open the window.
When will the wedding take place?
To varying degrees: 从不同角度来讲
which引导定语从句修饰secret
learn: 了解某个事实，学习某种知识、技能
know 知道某个事实，具有某方面的知识、技能，认识、了解某个人（状态动词，不能用于进行时态）
I learned that I had passed the test.
She knows about computers.
She is learning about computers.
instead of + doing----表示相反、没有、取而代之的是......
stood in front of sth. petrified: 站在…前，目瞪口呆
frightened: 在某个特定的场合下，受到惊吓
terrified:表示惊吓的程度，更加强烈，感到恐怖
afraid (of ): 表示一种状态，永久性的恐惧
it gave me the impression that:给某人以印象
make a lasting impression on sb: 给某人以不可磨灭的印象
have a false impression of sb: 对某人有错误的看法
give sb impression that: 给某人印象
impress sb with sth 用…给某人留下印象
be about to do sth.: 即将，就要。暗示动作即将发生（多与when连用）
I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.
leap out at sb. 跳出来扑向某人
drop----是我所发出的主动动作，所以用-ing形式
as if 引导虚拟语气
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 In what respect does fact differ from fiction concerning the secrets that people keep to themselves?
a. They are rarely so terrible as to ruin out reputations if revealed.
b. People’s closest friends do not even suspect them of having them.
c. People who have ‘skeletons in the cupboard’ are rarely found out.
d. People who have skeletons in their cupboards are very proud of the fact.
in what respect : 在什么方面
2 Before opening the cupboard door, the writer had _____ .
a. unpacked and gone down for dinner b. changed into some new clothes
c. put his shirts and his underwear in a couple of drawers
d. hung one of the two suits he had brought with him
3 What was the most frightening thing about the writer’s experience?
a. The sight of a skeleton hanging in the cupboard.
b. The sudden movement of the door when he opened the cupboard.
c. To discover that it was the skeleton of an okd friend of George’s.
d. To have found a real skeleton rather than finding out a terrible secret.
Structure
4 We often read in novels of a seemingly respectable person or family _____ some terrible secret ...(ll.1-2)
a. having b. has c. whom has d. that they have
如果运用定语从句，that they have, they是多余的
现在分词做定语
c选项关系词运用不正确
5 The only person I have ever known _____ a skeleton in the cupboard... (ll.11-12)
a. he had b. of having c. that he has d. to have
运用不定式，修饰名词，----定语从句
the first person, the only person, the last person...
I 前省略了关系词that
6 ----George Carlton, and it is _____ he is very proud of. (l.12)
a. the fact b. something c. that which d. what
something:有意义，有价值的事
It’s something to have a job in televier.
what = all全部
7 No sooner had I opened the cupboard door _____ I stood ...(ll.17-18)
a. and b. then c. than d. that
8 ‘_____ that I was a medical student once upon a time?’ (l.22)
a. Why don’t you remember b. Have you forgotten c. Do you forget d. have you not remembered
现在完成时
Vocabulary
9 The English language _____ a vivid saying to ... (ll.3-4)
a. owes b. contains c. holds d. has
has == own
owe 欠钱
I owed him two dollars yesterday.
10 ----the guestroom, which, he said, was _____ used. (l.15)
a. little b. a little c. uncommonly d. preciously
little:否定色彩的副词
a little: 肯定语义
uncommonly:不正常地，不普通地
preciously:珍贵地
11 He told me to unpack my _____ and then ...(ll.15-16)
a. items b. objects c. trunks d. belongings
belongings ==possessions
trunk:皮箱，汽车尾箱
object:巨大的物体
item:物品
12 ----gave me the impression that it _____ leaping out at me. (l.19)
a. was on the point of b. was concerned with c. was thinking of d. was almost
“...it was about to leap out at me...” “即将，即刻做某事”
Eg.: The plane is about to set off.
The plane is on the point of setting out.
be concerned with:关心
think of:考虑，想到
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. D 12. A
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| # posted by 一条名叫夭夭的鱼 @ 2005-06-29 09:28 评论(4) |
| 2005-6-29 星期三(Wednesday) 晴 |
§ Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard “家丑”
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●skeleton n. 骷髅
●seemingly adv. 表面上地
●respectable adj. 体面的，雅观的
●conceal v. 隐藏，隐瞒
●vivid adj. 生动的
●dramatic adj. 令人激动的，扣人心弦的
●ruin v. 毁坏
●heroine n. 女主人公
●fiction n. 小说
●varying adj. 不同的
●medicine n. 医学
●guestroom n. （家庭中的）来客住房
●unpack vt. （从箱中）取出
●stack adj. （整齐地）堆放，排放
●underclothes n. 内衣
●drawer n. 抽屉
●petrify v. 使惊呆
●dangle v. 悬挂
●sway v. 摇摆
●unsympathetic adj. 不表同情的，无动于衷的
●medical adj. 医学的
■skeleton n. 骷髅
a skeleton in the cupboard==a skeleton in the closet == a family skeleton 家丑
It’s time to bring a family skeleton out of the cupboard
skeleton key 万能钥匙
a walking skeleton 骨瘦如柴的人
reduced to too a skeleton 瘦的皮包骨
He has nothing to eat for a couple of days so he has been reduced to too a skeleton.
■seemingly adv. 表面上地
■respectable adj. 体面的，雅观的
respectable decent, graceful, deserving respect: 体面的，雅观的，可敬的
Eg.: He is a most respectable man.
The tie is for a respectale man only.
respectable: 可敬的
respectful : 充满敬意的，尊敬人的
A respectable person is respectful to others.
respective 各自的
Eg.:Our students return to their respective classroom.
■conceal v. 隐藏，隐瞒
conceal : hide, 比hide更加正式，语气强烈
conceal sth. from sb.
Eg.: He concealed his disappoint from his friends.
He concealed his bets from his wife.
When the mother coming, the little girl hid behind the curtain.
hide, hid, hidden
■vivid adj. 生动的
vivid 生动的，栩栩如生的,鲜艳的，活泼的
Eg.: There is a vivid proverb.
vivid blue 碧蓝色
he is vivid with life. 他是生气勃勃。
Yours discription is really vivid.
more vivid, the most vivid
■dramatic adj. 令人激动的，扣人心弦的
dramatic 比exciting更加强烈
The dramatic things is still vivid in his mind.
■ruin v. 毁坏
■heroine n. 女主人公
■fiction n. 小说
fiction 和novel
fiction (集合名词)不可数 (poetry )
novel 某一部具体的小说 (poem)
I prefer reading fiction to hearing about real invent.
■varying adj. 不同的
=various
different 与......不一样
My idea differents from yours.
■medicine n. 医学
■guestroom n. （家庭中的）来客住房
■unpack vt. （从箱中）取出
■stack adj. （整齐地）堆放，排放
stack up the books
The housewife is stacking up the clothing.
■underclothes n. 内衣
underclothing, underwear
■drawer n. 抽屉
■petrify v. 使惊呆
= shock, dumbfound
Heard the news I was petrified.
■dangle v. 悬挂
■sway v. 摇摆
■unsympathetic adj. 不表同情的，无动于衷的
sympathetic 同情的
sympathy n. in sympathy 同情地 （= sympathetically ）
■medical adj. 医学的
【Text】
§ Lesson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard “家丑”
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
Who was Sebastian?
We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years. The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation. The terrible secret is called 'a skeleton in the cupboard '. At some dramatic moment in the story the terrible secret becomes known and a reputation is ruined. The reader's hair stands on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everybody, had, in her youth, poisoned every one of her five husbands.
It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction. To varying degrees, we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn, but few of us have skeletons in the cupboard. The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very proud of the fact. George studied medicine in his youth. Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he became a successful writer of detective stories. I once spent an uncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at his house. George showed me to the guestroom which, he said, was rarely used. He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner. After I had stacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers, I decided to hang one of the two suits I had brought with me in the cupboard. I opened the cupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified. A skeleton was dangling before my eyes. The sudden movement of the door made it sway slightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out at me. Dropping my suit, I dashed downstairs to tell George. This was worse than 'a terrible secret'; this was a real skeleton ! But George was unsympathetic. 'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend. 'That's Sebastian. You forget that I was a medical student once upon a time.'
参考译文
在小说中，我们经常读到一个表面上受人尊重的人物或家庭，却有着某种多年不为人所知的骇人听闻的秘密。英语中有一个生动的说法来形容这种情况。惊人的秘密称作“柜中骷髅”。在小说的某个戏剧性时刻，可怕的秘密泄漏出来，接着便是某人的声誉扫地。当读者到小说最后几页了解到书中女主人公，那位一向待大家很好的可爱的老妇人年轻时一连毒死了她的5个丈夫时，不禁会毛骨悚然。
这种事发生在小说中是无可非议的。尽管我们人人都有各种大小秘密。连最亲密的朋友都不愿让他们知道， 但我们当中极少有人有柜中骷髅。我所认识的唯一的在柜中藏骷嵝的人便是乔治.卡尔顿，他甚至引以为自豪。乔治年轻时学过医，然而，他后来没当上医生，却成了一位成功的侦探小说作家。有一次，我在他家里度周末，过得很不愉快。这事我永远不会忘记。乔治把我领进客房，说这间很少使用。他让我打开行装后下楼吃饭。我将衬衫、内衣放进两个空抽屉里，然后我想把随身带来的两套西服中的一套挂到大衣柜里去。我打开柜门，站在柜门前一下惊呆了。一具骷髅悬挂在眼前，由于柜门突然打开，它也随之轻微摇晃起来，让我觉得它好像马上要跳出柜门朝我扑过来似的。我扔下西服冲下楼去告诉乔治。这是比“骇人听闻的秘密”更加惊人的东西，这是一具真正的骷髅啊！但乔治却无动于衷。“噢，是它呀！他笑着说道，俨然在谈论一位老朋友。“那是塞巴斯蒂安。你忘了我以前是学医的了。”
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| # posted by 一条名叫夭夭的鱼 @ 2005-06-29 09:27 评论(0) |
【课文讲解】
People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.
人们在决定吃什么或者不吃什么的时候，往往变得不合情理。
当涉及到或谈及到叙述客观事实的时候
it comes to sth …………
it comes to doing sth ……
用于when 引导的时间状语从句
Eg.:He never complains when it comes to helping his wife with the house work.
for instance == for example
consider (to be)...
on the other hand 转折连接词，表示而另一方面
at the idea of: at 介词搭配作状语，表示当......就......；一......就......
at the idea of 一想到
at the sight of 一看到
at the mention of 一提到
at the news of 一听到......消息
at the touth of 一触摸到......东西
at the sound of 一听到......声音
at the thought of 一想到
Eg.: I was glad at the thought of getting something te eat.
I always love at the mention of ghost story.
stick to + 名词==insist on doing sth == persist in doing sth
practice 表示习俗，做法
habit表示个人习惯
custom社会的风俗或习俗
Eg.: Early to bed and early to rise is good habit.
It is now quite common practice for married women not to take their husband’s second name.
The practice of closing shops on Sundays.
My practice to study English is to read everyday.
the custum of giving present at Christmas
Social customs vary greatly from country to country.
in many northern countries.
The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and )
that引导表语从句，说明truth的内容
bring up抚养
Eg.: Joe is born in England, but brought up in France.
She was brought up to beliee that money is the most (great) important thing in life.
他从小到大一直认为金钱是生活中最重要的东西。
被动语态形式，表自小长大，在成长的过程当中已经习惯于......
I’ve been brought up to eat fish, just because my mother is fond of fish as well.
He has been brought up to eat fring potatoes just because his parents are fond of that.
He gave much attention to bring up his children.
stick to = keep to; not give up
Eg.: We stick to them all our lives.
I made my decision and I am going to stick to it. (to介词)
stick to the idea
stick to the plan
insist on doing sth. 坚持做某事
persist in doing sth. 坚持做某事
People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten.
No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail.
比较级表达最高级的概念
Nobody is more beautiflu than you.
He is more intelligent than anyone else in my class.
The common garden snail often receive more praise and abuse than other creatures.
cooked过去分词做定语，与snails构成被动关系。
countless: 无数的，数不尽的 (=numerous)
who引导定语从句
associate sth. with sth. 把某物与某物相联系
People there, don’t consider snails to be a great dilicacy.
no garden of his own 没有自己的庭院
Robert is forn of snails very much.
The idea never interested me very much...
happened to do 恰巧，碰巧
I happened to be out when he called.
We both happened to be travelling on the same plane.
happen / chance
It happened that I was out when he called.
It chanced that I was out when he called.
when
表示正在这时突然，通常使用过去进行时，过去完成时等搭配；位于句中
He was having a bath when the telephine suddenly rang.
We had not ... like this when ... came in.
We were about to start when it rained.
snails (that were ) taking a stroll...
现在分词做定语，修饰snails
on a sudden impulse 一时的，冲动的
Acting on a sudden impulse, he went shopping to buy several dresses.
Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift. ==Robert was not only delighted to see me, but also pleased with my little gift.
be delighted to do
be pleased to do
when特殊用法，表示就在这个时候
reluctantly: unwillingly 不情愿的
to our dismay 使我们感到惊愕的是
Eg.: Before we came back, all the snails had already escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete possession of the hall.
take possession 占据，占有
The soldiers took possession of enemies’ fort.
The terrorists took possession of the embassy.恐怖分子占领了大使馆。
The writer doesn’t fancy snails.
The writer doesn’t consider snails to be a great delicacy.
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 In a country where snails are eaten, you would expect _____ .
a. to find a great many snails in people’s gardens
b. to fink that people cooked them in wine
c. snails to be so popular that they are a luxury only the rich can afford
d. people to be amazed by anyone who refused to eat them
2 The idea of collecting snails never appealed to the writer very much until _____ .
a. the sight of the snails made him think of Robert
b. a heavy shower of rain led him to look for them in his garden
c. a sudden impulse made him decide to visit the country where Robert lived
d. he felt obliged to remove them from his prize plants
3 When the writer arrived at Robert’s flat _____ .
a. Robert welcomed him warmly because of the snails he had brought
b. Robert immediately invited him to dinner in order to eat the snails
c. he forgot about giving Robert the snails until two hours later
d. he gave Robert the snails, little thinking Robert would propose a dinner with snails as the main dish
Structure
4 People are quite illogical when _____ deciding what… (ll.1-2)
a. it comes to b. they come to c. they come d. coming to
it comes to 经常用于when所引导的时间状语从句中，“当涉及到，当提及到”
5 Most of us have been brought up to eat certain kinds _____ .(l.7)
a. food b. of food c. of the foods d. foods
kinds 和介词of搭配
foods:各种各样的食物
certain kinds of food== certain foods
6 No creature _____ abused more often than…(l.9)
a. is being praised and b. is praised nor c. has been praised or d. has been praised and
and和or
在肯定句中，and表示并列关系
She smokes and drinks.
在否定句中，有两个对等的谓语、宾语、状语或者从句时，习惯用or, 把两个成分都否定掉。
She doesn’t smoke or drink.
She couldn’t remember who she was or where she lived.
如果否定句中出现了and, 语义表示转折，相当于bot.
The room is not big and comfertable.
7 Having left the bag in the hall, _____ into the living room. (ll.16-17)
a. I accompanied Robert b. Robert took me c. we went d. I and Robert went
left的逻辑主语是主句的主语
8 We saw the snails _____ from the paper bag… (ll.19-20)
a. escaping b. escape c. had escaped d. to escape
we saw (that) the snails ...
Vocabulary
9 On the other hand, you would _____ at the idea… (ll.5-6)
a. be sick b. sick c. sicken d. feel sick
sicken: 感到作哎，难受 （==feel sick ）(但非常不常用)
Eg.:He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.
be动词只是强调延续的状态，而不是一种突然间的一种感觉
10 Snails would, of course, be the main _____ . (ll.18-19)
a. meal b. food c. plate d. course
be the main dish==be the ma |
| # posted by 一条名叫夭夭的鱼 @ 2005-06-20 19:21 评论(2) |
§ Lesson 23 One man’s meat is another man’s poison 各有所爱
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●poison n. 毒药
●illogical adj. 不合逻辑的，无章法的
●octopus n. 章鱼
●delicacy n. 美味，佳肴
●repulsive adj. 令人反感的，令人生厌的
●stomach n. 胃
●turn v. 感到恶心，翻胃
●fry v. 油炸
●fat n. （动物、植物）油
●abuse n. 辱骂，责骂
●snail n. 蜗牛
●luxury n. 奢侈品，珍品
●associate v. 联想到
●despise v. 鄙视
●appeal v. 引起兴致
●shower n. 阵雨
●stroll n. 溜达，散步
●impulse n. 冲动
●dozen n. 12个，一打
●fancy v.喜爱，喜欢
■poison n. 毒药
poison n.& vt.
He was poisoned by pesticide.
give poison to sb/ give poison to sth.使某人或某事中毒
hate each other like poison 彼此互相恨透
name one’s poison
Name your poison,please. 说出你要喝点什么酒啊。
What’s your poison? 你要喝什么酒？
■illogical adj. 不合逻辑的，无章法的
■octopus n. 章鱼
■delicacy n. 美味，佳肴
Eg.: He considered chicken to be a great delicacy.
delicate adj. 美味的，可口的，清淡的
delicious adj. 味道美的
■repulsive adj. 令人反感的，令人生厌的
disgusting adj.
The dish is repulsive.
■stomach n. 胃
■turn v. 感到恶心，翻胃
■fry v. 油炸
fry v.: be cooked in hot oil
fried egg 煎鸡蛋
fried bread
fring pan 煎锅
fry up 加热
Fry up the food, please.
fry in one's own fat 自作自受
have other fish to fry 另有要事要做
Eg: Hello,Lucy, let's go have dinner.
That's good idea, but I have other fish to fry. Thank you very much.
■fat n. （动物、植物）油
put on fat 长胖，发胖
fat adj. 胖的 运用此adj.时常很不礼貌，因此用large, heavy, overweight 替代。
■abuse n. 辱骂，责骂
Don’t abuse your authority.
He greeted his wife with a stream of abuse. 他骂妻子的声音不绝于耳。
■snail n. 蜗牛
■luxury n. 奢侈品，珍品
The diamond ring is a luxury to me.
luxurious adj. 奢侈的，奢华的
a luxurious hotel
■associate v. 联想到
associate v. connect in one’s mind
A with B 把……跟……联想到一起= connect with.
Eg: I can't associate you with your wife.
Can you associate snails with delicious food.
associate with ==connect with==link with == be bound up with
■despise v. 鄙视
despise vt. regard as worthless
Eg.: We despise him for a coward. 我们把他看作一个懦夫。
look down upon 鄙视，瞧不起
Eg: Don't look down upon anyone.
■appeal v. 引起兴致
appeal to sb 引起某人兴趣
Eg: Eating snails never appeals to me.
appeal 上诉，呼吁
appeal for sth. 为某事而上诉
■shower n. 阵雨
■stroll n. 溜达，散步
stroll n. slow walking for pleasure in street or in garden.
go for a stroll; take a stroll; == go for a walk; take a walk
stroller 散步的人
stroll vi.
He is strolling along the road.
ramble 海岸，林中的漫步
The couple are irambling in the forest.
roam 不安定的漂泊，徘徊
The tramp roams every day.
wander 流浪，徘徊
He has nothing to do, so he is wandering along the street.
■impulse n. 冲动
impulse : a sudden wish to do sth.
on impulse 冲动的
He rushed out to catch up (with) the lady on impulse.
be driven by impulse to do sth. 情不自禁的做某事
Why did you do it?
I should say I was driven by impulse to do it like this.
impulsive adj. 冲动的
impulsively adv. 冲动地
■dozen n. 12个，一打
dozen: agroup of twelve
by the dozen 成打的
dozens of 许多的
two dozen eggs，a dozen roses. (其用法和hundred, thousand 一样)
a dozen of the (these ) roses 这些玫瑰中的一打
数词 +dozen +物品：……打……（物品）
Speak nineteen to the dozen 说个不停
Eg.: The old lady is speaking nineteen to the dozen.
■fancy v.喜爱，喜欢
Eg.: I don’t fancy living in the cold room.
fancy 想像，设想（=image） （表示一种惊讶的心情）（其后接动名词做宾语）
Fancy meeting you here. 没想到在这儿见到你。
fancy oneself 自以为是，自命不凡
Do you fancy yourself?
【Text】
Lesson 23 One man’s meat is another man’s poison 各有所爱
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
what was it about snails that made the writer collect them for his friend on that day in particular?
People become quite illogical when they try to decide what can be eaten and what cannot be eaten. If you lived in the Mediterranean, for instance, you would consider octopus a great delicacy.You would not be able to understand why some people find it repulsive. On the other hand, your stomach would turn at the idea of frying potatoes in animal fat----the normally accepted practice in many northern countries. The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our lives.
No creature has received more praise and abuse than the common garden snail. Cooked in wine, snails are a great luxury in various parts of the world. There are countless people who, ever since their early years, have learned to associate snails with food. My friend, Robert, lives in a country where snails are despised. As his flat is in a large town, he has no garden of his own. For years he has been asking me to collect snails from my garden and take them to him. The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after a heavy shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge number of snails taking a stroll on some of my prize plants. Acting on a sudden impulse, I collected several dozen, put them in a paper bag, and took them to Robert. Robert was delighted to see me and equally pleased with my little gift. I left the bag in the hall and Robert and I went into the living room where we talked for a couple of hours. I had forgotten all about the snails when Robert suddenly said that I must stay to dinner. Snails would, of course, be the main dish. I did not fancy the idea and I reluctantly followed Robert out of the room. To our dismay, we saw that there were snails everywhere: they had escaped from the paper bag and had taken complete possession of the hall! I have never been able to look at a snail since then.
参考译文
在决定什么能吃而什么不能吃的时候，人们往往变得不合情理。比如，如果你住在地中海地区，你会把章鱼视作是美味佳肴，同时不能理解为什么有人一见章鱼就恶心。另一方面，你一想到动物油炸土豆就会反胃，但这在北方许多国家却是一种普通的烹任方法。不无遗憾的是， 我们中的大部分人，生来就只吃某几种食品，而且一辈子都这样。
没有一种生物所受到的赞美和厌恶会超过花园里常见的蜗牛了。蜗牛加酒烧煮后，便成了世界上许多地方的一道珍奇的名菜。有不计其数的人们从小就知道蜗牛可做菜。但我的朋友罗伯特却住在一个厌恶蜗牛的国家中。他住在大城市里的一所公寓里，没有自己的花园。多年来，他一直让我把我园子里的蜗牛收集起来给他捎去。一开始，他的这一想法没有引起我多大兴趣。后来有一天，一场大雨后，我在花园里漫无目的散步，突然注意到许许多多蜗牛在我的一些心爱的花木上慢悠悠的蠕动着。我一时冲动，逮了几十只，装进一只纸袋里，带着去找罗伯特。罗伯特见到我很高兴，对我的薄礼也感到满意。我把纸袋放在门厅里，与罗伯特一起进了起居室，在那里聊了好几个钟头。我把蜗牛的事已忘得一干二净，罗伯特突然提出一定要我留下来吃晚饭，这才提醒了我。蜗牛当然是道主菜。我并不喜欢这个主意，所以我勉强跟着罗伯特走进了起居室。使我们惊愕的是门厅里到处爬满了蜗牛：它们从纸袋里逃了出来，爬得满厅都是！从那以后，我再也不能看一眼蜗牛了。
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| # posted by 一条名叫夭夭的鱼 @ 2005-06-20 19:20 评论(0) |
【课文讲解】
by heart 熟记台词
on end
1．== continuously: 连续的，位于具体的时间之后
Eg: He sat there for hours on end.
We had hardly anything to eat for days on end.
2． ==upright 竖着
Eg: The cat's fur stood on end.
I got a big shock so my hear stood on end.我吓了一大跳，以致于毛骨悚然。
who = actor, 关系代词做主语，不能省略
Eg.: The student who was required to recite the poem 100 times is really poor.
learn/ know by heart: 把……牢记在心
Eg.: The sentence is so important that you must learn it by heart.
heart and soul 全心全意的，全身心的
Eg: We serve the students heart and soul
take heart 鼓起勇气，恢复信心
lose heart 失去信心
lose heart to sb= give heart to sb: 轻信于某人
Eg: The boy lost his heart to the girl
put one's heart into sth: 致力于某事
Eg: Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人
have one's heart in one's boots提心吊胆
Eg: He had his heart in his boots when he went out alone at night.
even though = even if = though / although
at each performance = at every performance
insist: 坚决要求，suggest:建议， order:命令，demand:要求，require:要求
表示建议/要求/希望，和that宾语从句搭配，that从句必须出现should + 动词原形的虚拟，should 可以省略。
in full==fully=completely
play a joke(cheek) on sb: 开某人玩笑
on the final act == in the last act
with，独立主格结构
hand to == present sth. to == pass to 把……递给某人
as usual
look on 旁观
anxious,形容词短语做伴随状况状语
stare at 一眨不眨地
squinting: ing形式，做方式状语，伴随状况状语
prmptly ==immediately
with this 说完这话
hurry off
much, 用来加强语气
play a joke on 开玩笑; play a trick on 捉弄，单方面取乐
have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑，强调两人共同取乐
Eg.: He laughs best who laughs last. 笑到最后的才是笑得最好的。
【Multiple choice questions】
Comprehension
1 Which of the following proverbs suits the gist of the story best?
a. He laughs best, who laughs last.
b. Speech is silver, but silence is golden.
c. Look before you leap.
d. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
2 The play in which the two actors took part _____ .
a. had had a highly successful run of twenty years
b. was about the plight of a nobleman
c. ended with the imprisonment of the aristocrat
d. had been performed so often that audiences were bored by it
end with 以......结束
3 Which statement is true?
When the aristocrat was presented with a blank sheet of paper, _____ .
a. he improvised the words which he had forgotten
b. the gaoler was eagerly waiting to take the aristocrat’s part
c. he pretended that the light was not good enough for him to read by
d. he asked the gaoler to fetch him some glasses
Structure
4 A gaoler would come on stage with a letter_____ to the prisoner. (ll.7-8)
a. to be delivering b. and delivered c.to deliver d. delivered
with a letter独立主格结构，只有动词不定式to 有要做某事
倘若应用for, 此句应改为 with a letter for the prisoner.
5 He always insisted _____ in full. (l.9)
a. on its being written out b. on writing it out
c. to have it written out d. that it would have to be written out
insist that + should
insist on + 名词，动名词
d选项中would 改为should
6 --to find out if he _____ the contents of the letter by heart. (ll.10-11)
a. had known b. was knowing c. knew d. know
7 But he gave _____ which had not been written out in full. (ll.13-14)
a. the copy to him b. a copy him c. him a copy d. him the copy
give him a copy
a表示任意的一份，the 表示特指
a选项中the copy to him 改为a copy to him即可
8 _____ remember a word of the letter, so he replied… (ll.17-18)
a. But neither could the gaoler b. Nor the gaoler could
c. Also the gaoler could not d. Either the gaoler could not
neither, nor用于句首，句子倒装
Vocabulary
9 The gaoler decided to _____ his colleague. (l.10)
a. have a joke with b. play the fool with c. make fun of d. play a trick on
play a joke on 开玩笑； play a trick on 捉弄，单方面取乐
have a joke with sb. 和某人开玩笑，强调两人共同取乐
Eg.: I’ve just had a joke with my classmate.
10 He wanted to see if his fellow actor had _____ learnt his lines. (ll.10-11)
a. lastly b. in the end c. conclusively d. finally
finally 最后(用于句中)
lastly 顺序上的最后
in the end 强调最终失败的结果（用于句首或句尾）
Eg.: He worked harder and harder, but in the end he failed.
conclusively 总结的
11 Then, _____ about him, he said,…(l.16)
a. searching b. peering c. blinking d. staring
peer about 眯着眼睛看
Eg: When you enter a cinema, you often have to peer about.
search:搜寻，寻找：search for sth.
blink 眨眼睛
stare: 盯着看： stare at
12 Agreeing that the light was dim, the gaoler _____ he would get his glasses. (l.18)
a.spoke b. informed c. said d. rejoined
informed 表示正式的通知
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. C
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| # posted by 一条名叫夭夭的鱼 @ 2005-06-13 09:02 评论(0) |
§ Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●run v. （戏剧、电影等）
●lines n. （剧本中的）台词
●part n. 剧中的角色，台词
●falter v. 支吾，结巴说
●cast (cast, cast ) v. 选派……扮演角色
●role n. 角色
●aristocrat n. 贵族
●imprison v. 关押
●Bastille . 巴士底狱
●gaoler n. 监狱长，看守连演，连映
●colleague n. 同事
●curtain n. （舞台中的）幕布
●reveal v. 使显露
●cell n. 单人监房，监号
●blank adj. 空白的
●squint v. 眯着（眼）看，瞄
●dim adj. 昏暗
●sire n. （古用法）陛下
●proceed v. 继续进行
■run v. （戏剧、电影等）
The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.
■lines n. （剧本中的）台词
■part n. 剧中的角色，台词
■falter vi. 支吾，结巴说
stammer
He has practised the poem several times, so he has no cause to falter.
falter v. 蹒跚而行（=stgger）
He faltered home.
■cast (cast, cast ) v. 选派……扮演角色
●role n. 角色
The actor was cast in the role of hero.
■aristocrat n. 贵族
■imprison v. 关押
put sb imprison: 关押
He was imprisoned for 10 years.
imprisonment：n.
sentence sb to life imprisonment：判某人终生监禁
监狱：prison, jail, gaol
把……送进监狱
send sb. to prison == put sb in prison == throw sb into prison
in prison 坐牢
the prison 监狱
He is in prison / jail.
He is behind boars.
■Bastille . 巴士底狱
■gaoler n. 监狱长，看守连演，连映
■colleague n. 同事
■curtain n. （舞台中的）幕布
■reveal v. 使显露
The secret hasn’t been reveald.
reveal:揭露，揭穿，把什么露出来
A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.
disclose:揭发
discclose the truth
discover: 发现
uncover: 揭开具体的盖子
A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure. 紧身的裙子露出了漂亮的身段。
revealabel adj. 可展现的
revealer: 探测器
■cell n. 单人监房，监号
■blank adj. 空白的
■squint . 眯着（眼）看，瞄
squint one's eyes 眯上眼睛
Eg.: He squinted his eyes and looked at the letter.
pear at : 眯着眼睛看
■dim adj. 昏暗
The room is too dim so I can;t read the letter.
gloomy:(天气，心情)抑郁的
The weather is gloomy today.
He is in gloomy mood.
dusky:(天色)昏暗的
Towards evening is getting dusky.
murly:（天色）漆黑的，黑暗的
I can’t go out at murky night.
misty:多雾的，迷蒙的
The building is out of sight on such a misty day.
■sire n. （古用法）陛下
■proceed v. 继续进行
proceed vi. particular after stopping
proceed to / with:进行继续某事
Let’s proceed to business.
You must proceed with your work.
proceed from 从什么着手开始继续
They proceed from lesson 1.
procced from 起诉某人
Eg: He decided to proceed against his neighbour.
【Text】
§ Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
Which actor read the letter in the end, the aristocrat or the gaoler?
Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. In many ways, this is unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night after night. One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter. Yet this is not always the case.
A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always insisted that it should be written out in full.
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his hands. He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting his eyes, he said: 'The light is dim. Read the letter to me.' And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler. Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: 'The light is indeed dim, sire. I must get my glasses.' With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
参考译文
有些剧目十分成功，以致连续上演好几年。这样一来，可怜的演员们可倒霉了。因为他们需要一夜连着一夜地重复同样的台词。人们以为，这些演员一定会把台词背得烂熟，绝不会临场结巴的，但情况却并不总是这样。
有一位名演员曾在一出极为成功的剧目中扮演一个贵族角色，这个贵族已在巴士底狱被关押了20年。在最后一幕中，狱卒手持一封信上场，然后将信交给狱中那位贵族。尽管那个贵族每场戏都得念一遍那封信。但他还是坚持要求将信的全文写在信纸上。
一天晚上，狱卒决定与他的同事开一个玩笑，看看他反复演出这么多场之后，是否已将信的内容记熟了。大幕拉开，最后一幕戏开演，贵族独自一人坐在铁窗后阴暗的牢房里。这时狱卒上场，手里拿着那封珍贵的信。狱卒走进牢房，将信交给贵族。但这回狱卒给贵族的信没有像往常那样把全文写全，而是一张白纸。狱卒热切地观察着，急于想了解他的同事是否记熟了台词。贵族盯着纸看了几秒钟，然后，眼珠一转，说道：“光线太暗，请给我读一下这封信。”说完，他一下子把信递给狱卒。狱卒发现自己连一个字也记不住，于是便说：“陛下，这儿光线的确太暗了，我得去眼镜拿来。”他一边说着，一边匆匆下台。贵族感到非常好笑的是：一会儿工夫，狱卒重新登台，拿来一副眼镜以及平时使用的那封信，然后为那囚犯念了起来。
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| # posted by 一条名叫夭夭的鱼 @ 2005-06-13 09:01 评论(0) |
【课文讲解】
in popularity
fought with bare fists: 赤手空拳的打斗
背熟：One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764.
one of the most famous people
introduce: bring in
Potatos were introduced into Europe from South America.
drew up: 制定，起草
Sb. did much to do sth.
in his full time in his good day
rise to fame = become famous
attract sb.’s sttention == attract the attention of sb.
turn against sb 与……反目成仇
severely
背熟：It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion.
as much as 多达
in debt: 欠债
本课重点：定语从句（限制性和非限制性）
【Multiple choice questions】P109
Comprehension
1 Richard Humphries offered to train Mendoza because _____ .
a. he wanted to learn the techniques that Mendoza had introduced to boxing
b. for one so young, Mendoza had displayed an unusual grasp of the game
c. he had attended the boxing match which led to Mendoza’s early fame
d. he was anxious to establish himself as a superior boxer to Mendoza
2 At the match between Humphries and Mendoza at Stilton _____.
a. Mendoza lost a great deal of money to the public
b. after an hour’s fighting Humphries became champion of England
c. Mendoza lost twice to Humphries
d. the argument between the two men was settled in favour of Humphries
3 Apart from the money he earned at matches, Mendoza _____ .
a. earned a lot from the Academy which he founded after becoming Champion
b. earned so much money that he became a rich man
c. greatly supplemented his income by teaching the art of boxing
d. was given enormous sums by Lord Byron
apart from: 除了什么之外还有
Structure
4 In those days, _____ ‘prizefighters’ because they fought with bare fists for prize money.(ll.2-3)
a. they called boxers b. boxers called c. boxers being called d. they were called boxers
5 A prizefighter could suffer a serious injury or _____ during a … (ll.4-5)
a. even be killed b. be even killed c. even killed d. was even killed
even could be killed : could 被省略了
6 Mendoza _____ boxing into a sport. (ll.8-9)
a. was much changed by b. did a great deal to change
c. changed a great deal of d. much changed
7 He was so extravagant that he _____ people money. (l.20)
a. always owed to b. always owed c. owed always d. was always owing to
原文：in delt
owe money to people
owe money to sb== owe sb money
Vocabulary
8 One of the most _____ in boxing history was …(ll.6-7)
a. vivid personalities b. famous people c. painted images d.imaginative characters
personality : 个性==character
image: 偶像
9 ----after a boxing match at the _____ young age of fourteen. (l.11)
a. marvellously b. singly c. exceptionally d. unequally
exceptionally =>unusually： 不同寻常的
marvellously =>wonderfully:奇妙的，奇异的
singly : 单独的
unequally :独一无二的
Eg.: an exceptionally beautiful girl
10 Mendoza’s _____ to fame was noted by Richard Humphries. (ll.11-12)
a. rise b. rose c. raise d. claim
名词形式，名词所有格， rise: vi.&n.
11 Humphries soon becamem ____ Mendoza’s success. (ll.13-14)
a. jealous of b. disinterested in c. revolted by d. changed by
12 Mendoza finally _____ Humphries and became Champion of England. (ll.17-18)
a. conquered b. gained c. won d. beat
beat = debeat
conquer: 征服
gain: 赢得，获得
win: 赢得（比赛）
【Key to Multiple choice questions】
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. D
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| # posted by 一条名叫夭夭的鱼 @ 2005-06-07 16:49 评论(2) |
§ Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔·门多萨
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
●boxing n. 拳击
●boxer n. 拳击手
●bare adj. 赤裸的
●prizefighter n. 职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
●crude adj. 粗野的
●marquis n. 侯爵
●technically adv. 严格根据法律意义地
●science n. 科学
●popularity n. 名望
●adore v. 崇拜，爱戴
●alike adv. 一样地
●fame n. 名声
●eminent adj. 著名的，杰出的
●bitterly adv. 厉害地
●bet (bet, bet; betted, betted) v. 打赌
●academy n. 专业学校
●extravagant adj. 浪费的，奢侈
●poverty n. 贫困
■boxing n. 拳击
■boxer n. 拳击手
■bare adj. 赤裸的
bare uncovered
bare (部分的)赤裸
bare fist 赤手空拳
bare foot 光着脚的
bare handed 光着手的
bare legged 光着腿的
naked 全裸
He’s walking in bare feet.
He is naked.
nude adj. 光秃秃的； n. 裸体（雕象，油画）
a nude hillside 光秃秃的山坡
■prizefighter n. 职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
■crude adj. 粗野的
be crude to sb 对……粗鲁，无理 , rude语气比 crude 要弱
He is crude to the girl.
■marquis n. 侯爵
■technically adv. 严格根据法律意义地
■science n. 科学
■popularity n. 名望
in popularity 受欢迎，受喜爱
Instant foods are getting in popularity. 即食食品越来越受欢迎。
popular songs are in popularity.
popular with 受人喜爱
popularity 名望，受人欢迎的状态
fame 出名的名声 famous adj.
reputation 声誉
■adore v. 崇拜，爱戴
More and more people adore the famous adtress.
■alike adv. 一样地
He was adored by rich, and poor alike.
The teacher is adored by boy, girl and alike.
■fame n. 名声
■eminent adj. 著名的，杰出的
eminent scientist
distinguished
■bitterly adv. 厉害地
It is blowing bitterly.
bitter:苦的、辛酸的、刺骨的
bitter pills may have wholesome effects 良药
■bet (bet, bet; betted, betted) v. 打赌
bet on sth. 以...打赌
bet sb. that 跟某人打赌
bet one's bottom dollar on somebody 对……孤注一掷
He bet his bottom dollar on his last attempt.
bet on the wrong horse 对…… 做出了错误的判断
I bet 我肯定，我断言
■academy n. 专业学校
■extravagant adj. 浪费的，奢侈
extravagant hobit
thrifty frugal economical
■poverty n. 贫困
in poverty 在贫困当中
indigence 贫困 (正式)
destitution 赤贫
penury 诘据
【Text】
§ Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔·门多萨
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
How many unsucessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for Prize money. Because of this, they were known as 'prizefighters'. However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860 when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as &100 for a single appear-
ance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
参考译文
两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。
拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔.门多萨，他生于1764年。1860年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他祟拜备至。
门多萨在14岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了一个小时。公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直到1790年他们第3次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达100英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他在被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最后于1836年在贫困中死去。
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