£ £  Korean society& culture
£ £  소연연
£ £  ID: 20077051
£ £  12/9/2007
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£ £ How do the Korean corporations do well in international business
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£ £ The role of exports in the Korean economy is more significant than it has been in other developed countries. Also, the share of the trade volume in GDP in Korea is much higher than in other developed countries. The composition of exports reflects both the light industrial origin of Korea¡¯s growth and the effect of the heavy and chemical industry development programs. During the 1980s, products of heavy and chemical industries occupied more than 50% of total exports due to the heavy and chemical industrialization policy. Presently, electronic products make up the largest export item, followed by textiles, footwear, steel products, machinery, automobiles, and so on. Nowadays, some Korea¡¯s corporations like Sumsung, LG, SK, Hyendae, Daewoo have become the famous transnational corporations in the world, Especially, the groups¡¯ some affiliated companies have become part of the Top 500 Companies.
£ £ How do the Korean corporations do well in international business to make Korea¡¯s international trade developed so fast? Taking Samsung and SK for example, I analyzed the following reasons:
£ £ 1. Trade partners
£ £ Korea caught the good opportunities to do international business with some strong partners. According to Seoul hosted the Olympic Games, Korea¡¯s export-oriented trade with the U.S. recorded large surpluses in the mid 1970s, reaching a high of $9.7 billion in 1988.
£ £ Japanese firms have recently completed restructuring programs which involved the improvement of the products manufactured in Southeast Asia. Cooperate with Japan, the two countries can achieve to win-win in electronic industry.
£ £ China is one of the biggest potential market in the world, in 2003, China became Korea¡¯s largest export market, some company like Sumsung, SK have been established joint venture in China in order to enhance the international business in China.
£ £ 2. New management system
£ £ In 1993, Chairman Kun-Hee Lee presented a blueprint for Samsung¡¯s global success in the 21st century with his ¡°New Management¡± declaration. It includes intellectual capital, organizational creativity, technological innovation and employee empowerment. They were the key strategies for Samsung¡¯s success in global competition.
£ £ SK also has its own management system named ¡°SKMS¡±. The principles of SKMS are consist of SUPEX goal/ execution plan, role of SK people and leader and internal environment for SUPEX goal.
£ £ 3. Securing global business competitiveness
£ £ SK Telecom will stay focused on reinforcing business competitiveness in the U.S. where it is already operating, and expand to the vast Chinese market.
£ £ In 2007, SK Telecom will concentrate on creating new opportunities to break into the Chinese mobile communications market and respond to the rapidly changing business environment there. In April 2007, SK Telecom entered into a full cooperation agreement with the Chinese government for 3G telecommunications technology, and opened a TD-SCDMA R&D Center in Korea.
£ £ 4. Strong entry to the world largest market
£ £ In 2004, SK Telecom signed business cooperation contracts with Verizon Wireless, SiRF, and Magnolia of the U.S. to develop network equipment. These strategic alliances demonstrate the excellence of SK Telecom's mobile technologies in the world's largest telecom market.
£ £ In March 2005, SK Telecom took its first step into the U.S. telecom market by establishing a joint-venture with EarthLink.
£ £ 5. Reducing different business and focusing on the company¡¯s core businesses.
£ £ In 1992 Samsung began to reduce the number of different businesses, and to concentrate on its core businesses of machinery, electronics, and chemicals. In 1993, it focused on the global market. Samsung Electronics is at the centre of the company¡¯s new identity and marketing strategy. Samsung's main business now is electronics - it is the world's leading manufacturer, and produces a wide variety of products including mobile phones, color televisions, VCRs, microwaves and computers. That business has grown dramatically in recent years.
£ £ 6. Human Resources
£ £ ¡°A Company is its People.¡± Attracting and developing the best people is key to Samsung maintaining, and enhancing, the position in technology competition.
£ £ All new employees attend a comprehensive one-month education program to learn and understand the core values of the group, its management, strategies and the vision.
£ £ One of Samsung¡¯s human resources strategies is to add the highest-quality employees from around the world. Samsung focus on person¡¯s foreign language level and ability to accept foreign cultures.
£ £ SK group sponsored global internship program for international students currently studying in Korea universities for 4 times until now in order to receive some excellent international students. For the sake of breaking into Chinese telecommunication market, SK also search plenty of excellent stuff from Chinese famous university.
£ £ 7. Promoting creative and innovative corporate culture
£ £ SK Telecom will innovate internal management system, to quickly respond to the rapidly changing global business environment and realize sustainable growth. To this end, by promoting T-DNA, our company¡¯s unique management philosophy proclaimed in 2006, we will facilitate a horizontal and creative corporate culture throughout the company, and reinforce our organizational competitiveness through the constant improvement of work processes.
£ £ 8. Learning from the successful example
£ £ First, sumsung learned from the Sony Company. They sent many employees to visit Japanese company and studied their technique and ideas. They also employed the best people from Japan with high salary. They cooperate with Sony Company and learned their advantages.
£ £ Second, sumsung learned how to manage the company from HP (Hewlett-Packard»ÝÆÕ).
£ £ Third, sumsung imitated the Î÷ÎݵçÆø, made the ERP system with US$600milion.
£ £ Fourth, sumsung learned how to develop a new kind of production from 3M.
£ £ 9. Community Relations
£ £ Samsung and SK take their roles as a ¡°good corporate citizen¡± very seriously and make a lasting social contribution to the community. I think it is a good way to let the public notice themselves.
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£ £ Korea is now heading towards having developed country status. Korea is emerging as one of the major centers for trade in the world through rapid economic growth. Korean international corporations are also being the model of other countries¡¯ corporation.
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£ £ Korea¡¯s success in world economy
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£ £ 소연연
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£ £ Korea¡¯s GDP per capita has grown from only $100 in 1963 to a record-breaking $10,000 in 1995 in less than 40 years to a fully developed $25,000 in 2007. This phenomenon has been referred to as the "Miracle on the Han River". The nation's impressive growth performance was part of what has been described as the East Asian miracle. How has Korea succeeded in world economy? What made Korea from one of the poorest agrarian economies to the 11th largest economy and exporting country in the world? Let¡¯s Analysis the following phases.
£ £ The journey to industrialization began in the early 1960s with the introduction of First Five-Year Economic Development Plan. It was at this point the government made a conscious policy shift from the inward-looking growth strategy of import substitution to the outward-looking growth strategy of export promotion. This strategy was particularly well suited to that time because of South Korea's poor natural resource endowment, low savings rate, and tiny domestic market. The strategy promoted economic growth through labor-intensive manufactured exports, in which South Korea could develop a competitive advantage. Government initiatives played an important role in this process. The inflow of foreign capital was greatly encouraged to supplement the shortage of domestic savings. These efforts enabled South Korea to achieve rapid growth in exports and subsequent increases in income.
£ £ In the early 1970s, the changing international economic environment had a significant impact on Korea. To upgrade the composition of its exports, Korea turned to the heavy and chemical industry (HCI). Already an important priority in the Third Five-Year Plan (1972-1976), HCI received greater emphasis because of the changes in the external environment. The government set forth an accelerated development schedule for technologically sophisticated industries. Investment in new industries produced significant results, and the country soon developed successful undertakings in electronics, shipbuilding, and other fields.
£ £ External and internal circumstances such as the second oil shock and the assassination of President Park Chung Hee in 1979 pushed the Korean economy into turmoil. To address the excess liquidity problem, In the early 1980s, the government forced firms suffering from excess capacity, namely, those involved in power-generation equipment industry and automobile industry, to merge. Later that year, firms producing diesel engines, heavy electrical equipment, electronic exchangers, and copper smelting were also order to specialize according to particular product lines, or be merging with others. Such large scale restructuring of industrial firms required continuous government intervention in the credit markets. The government's concern over unemployment and financial instability led it to bail out these firms for the sake of social stability. At the same time, the government attempted to reduce the scope of intervention in the allocation of financial resources.
£ £ Furthermore, entry barriers into the financial industry were lowered and financial services provided by different intermediaries were diversified and streamlined. The government restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) were relaxed substantially in recognition of the FDI's role in promoting competition and transferring advanced foreign technologies. The revision of the Foreign Capital Inducement Act in 1984 precipitated a shift to a negative system, abolishing restrictions on the foreign ownership ratio and the repatriation of capital.
£ £ Internationally, the 1990s witnessed growing regionalization as economic trade blocs were formed among countries of Europe and America. With the Uruguay Round, a new regime in international trade was formed that increased pressure to liberalize previously protected markets in agricultural goods and financial services. The government increasingly felt the need to change its economic strategy, as the previous strategy that promoted exports using cheap labor as comparative advantage while keeping domestic markets protected from foreign competition showed its limit.
£ £ Under the comprehensive policy theme of globalization, the government took an active role in participating in international economic activities through the Uruguay Round of trade talks, through it launching of the World Trade Organization, and through its membership in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. The government's effort culminated in Korea's accession to the OECD in 1996, which seemed to signal Korea's entry into the rank of advanced countries.
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£ £ Korean is now heading towards having developed country status. Korea is emerging as one of the major centers for trade and industry in the world through rapid economic growth and successful industrialization. Korea¡¯s growth prospects seem to be good. What can we learn from Korea¡¯s success?
£ £ First, the government¡¯s economic development strategy attribute to Korea¡¯s successful growth and rapid ascent in the world economy. The government made several five-year economic development plans for Korean economy. While worked with the plans, adjustment programs in accordance with the actual situation at any time.
£ £ The most important strategy that the government made is shift the conscious policy from the inward-looking growth strategy of import substitution to the outward-looking growth strategy of export promotion. The strategy promoted economic growth in which South Korea could develop a competitive advantage.
£ £ Government made those strategies in accordance with the domestic and international situations. It was very important for the development of economy.
£ £ Second, the high level of education in Korea contributed tremendously to its economic development. Korea achieved a literacy rate of nearly 80% by the early 1960s; the highest of education greatly facilitated the nation¡¯s first economic takeoff. The abundant supply of highly educated and motivated human resources was extremely favorable to the rapid growth of the export-oriented, labor-intensive manufacturing sector. Without this continuing improvement in education it would not have been possible for Korea to upgrade its labor force in line with the growing sophistication of its industries as well as sustaining continuous increases in productivity.
£ £ Third, the favorable international economic conditions were also a factor related to Korea¡¯s economic growth. Korea has benefited from a relatively open world trading system. At that time, there were so many international economic activities benefited for the development of Korean economy. The nation took an active role in participating in international economic activities through the Uruguay Round of trade talks, through it launching of the World Trade Organization, and through its membership in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. It made Korea accessing to the OECD in 1996, which seemed to signal Korea's entry into the rank of advanced countries.
£ £ Furthermore, world trade expanded rapidly, the role of exports in the Korea economy is more significant than it has been in other developed countries. Also, the share of the trade volume in GNP in Korea is much higher than in other developed countries. Presently, electronic products make up the largest export item.
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£ £ Korea is emerging as one of the major centers for trade and industry in the world through rapid economic growth and successful industrialization. We learn how has Korea succeeded in world economy is helped for us to think about how to make our country¡¯s economy grow.
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£ £ 2007-11-18

£ £ My opinion of the history of Goguryeo
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£ £ 소연연
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£ £ Goguryeo was built in 37 BC and destroyed in 668 AD, who¡¯s territory extended from south of the Han River in Korea to the Liatung Peninsula in China. Statistics showed murals in the Koguryo Kingdom have been found in 101 ancient tombs, of which 33 are scattered in Jilin Province of China and 68 in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The people were known to be skillful and brave warriors. The Goguryeo Kingdom lasted for 705 years and played a big role in the development of Northeast Asia.
£ £ Some people said that Goguryeo Kingdom belongs to Chinese heritage and others argued that it belongs to Korea heritage. In my opinion, it is hard to say the kingdom was just belong to one country----modern China or modern Korea because it existed since there is no the exactly boundary between ancient China and ancient Korea. In the ancient time, Goguryeo is an independent Kingdom, the territory which from south of the Han River in Korea to the Liatung Peninsula in China was belong to it. Nowadays some of its territory is in China and some is in Korea. So we just can certainly say that Goguryeo Kingdom is belonging to the Northeast Asia.
£ £ Beside the territory, the Goguryeo Kingdom¡¯s culture also can prove it.
£ £ People of Goguryeo were fond of dancing and singing. Because they lived in a tense society, which had to fight wars constantly, and whose rules and laws were stringent, the citizens understandably found a relaxing pastime they needed in festive activities, such as drinking, singing and dancing. Come every October, the kingdom held various events, ceremonies and festive activities, including the Dongmaeng Festival (whose main purpose was to worship the gods of heaven and ancestors), where citizens of all levels gathered and enjoyed the event together. Unlike the memorial services of the Chinese, characterized by rigid formalities and solemn appearances (so as to stir up the fear of gods among viewers), Goguryeo 's events and ceremonies (the Dongmaeng Festival, in particular) provided a forum of festivity where people mingled with one another, engaging in drinking, singing and dancing activities (in celebration of the "gods' descent to this world").
£ £ Other popular pastime activities the Koguryo people enjoyed included games like "baduk" ("go"), "jang-gi" (Chinese chess), "chukguk" (soccer), dice-play, "yut-nori" (the four-stick game), "tuho" (throwing-arrows-in-jar), ssireum ("sumo") and a bare-hand duel called "subak." Subak eventually evolved into Taekwondo, Korea's most well known martial art, as the sport passed through the Goryeo(Koryo) and Joseon Kingdoms. Ssireum, which has become a very popular sport today, is a game of wrestling in which two players compete to wrestle the other to the ground using cloth-sashes, which are tied around the waists and thighs of the players. People also enjoyed circuses brought from Central Asia, listening to musical performances, or playing musical instruments like the six-string Korean zither or flute.
£ £ Hunting was also an important pastime. Interested individuals would form large-scale hunting squads, and run up and down mountains and across open fields. They would set up shooting targets and hold archery-shooting contests. Those with outstanding archery skills were named "Jumong," the nickname of King Chumo who founded the kingdom, a tag of honor. Meanwhile, young people would take academic as well as archery lessons at "gyeongdang," an educational institution, receiving a balanced training that eventually paved the way for the kingdom to foster strong military power
£ £ The culture of an ancient kingdom can reflect that which country does it belong to. However, in the ancient time, Chinese and Korean culture was influenced by each other. Especially most of the Northeast Asian culture was influenced by Chinese culture. So it is hard to say that the Goguryeo Kingdom¡¯s culture is just belong to Chinese culture or Korean culture.
£ £ Taking advantage of the local natural environment, the pair of imperial cities combines the defense works with unique ethnic features, setting a good example in China's architectural history.
£ £ The "Haotaiwang Stele", erected some 1,500 years ago, with 1,775 Chinese characters inscribed, has shown the impact of Chinese culture on the Goguryeo who did not develop their own writing.
£ £ To sum up, we neither can say Goguryeo was initially most influenced by Chinese culture, including Buddhism, which was introduced in 327 A.D. because some part of the Goguryeo is really belong to China. We also cannot say ancient Goguryeo Kingdom is just onto the Chinese Heritage List because it really took part in Korean three kingdoms period history.
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£ £ 2007-09-30

£ £  Korean Traditional Culture
£ £  Name: 소연연
£ £  ID: 20077051
£ £ ____________________________________________________
£ £ Love is a popular topic of movie
£ £ -----after watching ¡°The classic(클라식)¡±
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£ £ Love is a popular topic of movie. A kind of love what is about the previous and present time, always let us feel that love is not controlled by us.
£ £ It is the second time that I watched the Korean movie ¡°The classic¡±, I still can¡¯t help stopping the tears blurt out from my eyes. The love letters what make people shed tears, floating to spread along with the memory, taking us to return to that innocent first love ages. That was a bright and beautiful summer, when Joon-Ha gave the glowworm to Jyu-hee, the seed of love had already sowed in the two people¡¯s heart. A happy memory, a necklace which filled of love, leading us goes into a dream of pure love. Sun-ye Jin, who were the actress of the movie, acted two completely different people. She made us sad with her tears, encouraged us with her laughter, let us shed tears with her grief... Her loving, anger, sadness, and happiness, controlled our thoughts and feelings.
£ £ While the modern people uses E-mail to chat, do the business, the traditional handwritten letter had already be out of our eyesight. Using the letter to express our affection was become gradually less and less. However, on the wide screen, love letter became brilliance in the romantic movie.
£ £ In the movie¡±The classic¡±, the students¡¯ sport enlarged the distance of the two people. Every perfect loves are affected by the history reality and social background. Joon-Ha attended the Korean civil war that accelerated this love to the end. Only putting the love to the turbulent history, can make the audience felt leaving inside the story, and have a painful feeling of the defective love.
£ £ Two generation, one story. The deep love in those recollections, those touched early times, those black-and ¨Cwhite film pictures, there is also blue piano voice, and the natural emotion, plus the actress who are the Korean new generation movie queen with two small plaits, pure eyes, outstanding performance, every audience shall be touched by the story, moved by the God-made love.
£ £  As we know,¡±The classic¡± always had the scenes of rain; it is stands for the tears came from the heaven. The raining season is a love to deliver season. Rain water, let the plant grow, also made our affection eager for action. The Korean romantic movie used the chemical element of rainy day; painted a colorful picture for us. We felt the magic power of the rain water profoundly.
£ £ Beside of the careful special picture and composition, the success of the movie, usually had a great relation with the background music. ¡°The classic¡± also be a successful example: so sweet, so moving, and a little bit of sadness made the movie more and more colorful. ¡±The classic¡± used various different kinds of music style: on the dancing party, light waltz let us feel the happiness of the pleased after the meeting between Joon-Ha and Jyu-Hee; in the heavy rain, a rhythm thrilling of ¡°For you, for me¡±, expressed the anxious mood of Za-Hee completely; the¡±More and more¡± which went through the whole film let us immersed into the sad circumstances. Their romance was delightfully fresh without artificial. Each cushions of note were just right, set off the topic perfectly. The melody of the whole story is constituted by the piano and the orchestra what add the magic power to the movie. Hearing one part of the music shall take person went back to the movie. After seeing the movie you shall be touched, moreover, listening to the original voice of the movie, you will believed the principle that love is depended by the God but predestination is controlled by human nature.
£ £ Hence you got the meaning of the name ¡°The classic¡±, if the fate of the ancestors, carried by the next generation, the God was done his work at last. Seeing from the performance, it was talk about two love story, however, seeing from the essence, this was only one love in fact.
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£ £ 2007-6-3

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£ £  Korean Traditional of Korea
£ £  Name: 소연연
£ £  ID: 20077051
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£ £ World Wide Korean Food
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£ £ When foreigners come into Korean restaurants, they are not only enjoying the food they eat, but also Korean culture. As they fill their belly and hearts with those foods, parts of them are already learning favorable toward a country.
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£ £ Undoubtedly, Kimchi has been one of the national icons of Korean. What¡¯s so ¡°cool¡± about Kimchi? First, it is perfectly sour, salty and spicy, so it¡¯s hot and healthy. Second, it comes in some 12 major varieties, it¡¯s diverse. It can be combined with many foods, it¡¯s adaptable. Third, it¡¯s an easily marketable and transportable commodity. Last but no least, it¡¯s literally rocks and popular.
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£ £ Let¡¯s discuss it in the other side. Compare with other Korean food, why they can¡¯t be the national icon. I¡¯ll take dog soup for an example. Of course, it¡¯s not ¡°chic¡±, not ¡°pop¡±. It casts Korea in a bad light. More and more Koreans keep dogs as pets, it¡¯s chic to be an animal rights supporter. The government wants to appeal ¡°properly¡±. Korean goods won¡¯t sell as well abroad. Sum all up, the Korea national icon must be Kimchi but not other food.
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£ £ How can a flavor past down from generation to generation. Frankly speaking, it is anything but easy to revive the exact flavor of the past, not because it is hard to master but it is hard to pass it down to the next generation. That is because people¡¯s taste change bit by bit with the passage of time.
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£ £ If Korean wants to maintain the vigor of the food while keeping up the basics, they need to keep balance between social taste and traditional taste. Just like bibimbap (boiled rice mixed with vegetables) the combined all kinds of vegetables in one boil to liven up all the flavors of the ingredients. It is giving up parts of the ¡°old¡± to bring in the ¡°new¡± but as a result making the unique quality of the dish better known around the world. Just as the authentic orthodoxy said, it make possible a harmony between old and new, a synergy of East and West, to add something new to the existing frame for further advancement. This is what required of the present. Food culture is no exception.
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£ £ One of the major food trends these days is to bring out the unique tastes of the ingredients. This is due to with the craze for health food. ¡°Even traditional dishes these days are avoiding strong spices with hot or salty tastes,¡± Yoon Sook-ja, director to Institute of Traditional Korean Food said, adding that the latest trend is indeed more about brining out the natural taste of the ingredient rather than cookery.
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£ £ The so-called ¡°taste of the mother¡¯s hands¡± that should be promoted abroad. It should be a taste that no processed food can follow and a taste that comes from a culture of fermented food. That's a bit tricky given that such quality usually takes awhile for foreigners to get used to. Not that it would stop Korea from promoting its dishes however, especially when the world is finally acknowledging the benefits of fermented food.
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£ £ To bring Korean food to the world we need to merge with other cultures and produce an appropriate fusion form," Kim Jae-soo, agriculture counselor to the Korean embassy in Washington, D.C. said. "And for starters we could think of ways to ease the strong taste of our "gan-jang" (soy sauce), "doen-jang" (bean taste) and "gochu-jang" (hot pepper paste) which forms the basis of our sauces." Kim said that Korea needs to come up with a new kind of Western style sauce through certain changes in those typically Korean pastes.
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£ £ "The course-style Koran dishes are one way to promote Korean food abroad," Joo Hye-joon, a food stylist said. The big hearty dishes laid all at once on a table make foreigners ill at ease, she explained, since they have no idea where to start. The course menu puts them at ease. "This is one way to get foreigners to appreciate our food twice as much."
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£ £ One of the great merits of Korean food is that it is already health food. The old saying ¡°A good meal is good medicine in itself ¡±was no exaggeration when it comes to Korean food as it can ward off diseases and improve one's condition. ¡°Korean dishes are formed of seasonal eateries matured and fermented with time. It's truly nutritious dishes that have surprised the world,¡± counselor Kim stressed.
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£ £ Kimchi, doen-jang, gan-jang and gochu-jang are some of the scientifically proven nutritious dishes. Korean food¡¯s vegetable-centered meals can also prevent geriatric diseases. Traditional dishes can lower cholesterol and prevent high blood pressure, so they are also good for one's diet. There is no trouble with over eating either since the dishes make one feel full through timely absorption and digestion of the nutrients.
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£ £ If Koreans simply find the right preparation and presentation formulas, popular dishes like bibimbap could take on the mighty hamburger and pizza. Around the world, people are looking for a fast, nutritious answer to the daily lunch dilemma.
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£ £ 2007-5-12
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