三天比赛落幕，学到很多东西，这次比赛有两支UK的队伍，两支ＵＳ的队伍，ｕｓ队伍全部由来自纽约的Ｊ．Ｄ．三年级学生组成。

悲剧。

在康桥的街上走了一下，感受两点：

１.　学好英语，背好单词，国家富强，我辈子女才不用出卖色相获得一些东西百人眼里什么都算不上的虚荣，记住，腐败，碰瓷儿这样的东西，绝对是ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ的，而刚好又确实很多国人擅长的。而，同志们，不用担心，实力，是最终的王道！一如我看到的美国队。

２.　别惹女博士，她的不如意会像小学一年级学生一样在老师面前边哭得一塌糊涂不亦乐乎而倾泻出来；以小学一年级的智商，人还没到家，大抵或许亦可能小报告就随着气呼呼的敲打，飞到老板邮箱。而这，是博士。

与人相处，她从不理会孔夫子ｎ年以前训导的“反求诸己”的简单道理；她会边走边跟你说完院里所有人的背后的坏话，八卦，（包括跟了多年的老板一家人），唯独不会自我检讨，更不会在朋友之间懂得感恩，感谢和投桃报李，然后在领导面前装出一副老实本分的乖模样，悲剧啊，这样的人，确然经典；当然，这也是她木有朋友的原因；甚至在比赛前夜她会当着国际十几支支队伍住宿的寝室区域边走边大声跟你吼叫一些鸡毛蒜皮的不如意，如大妈大婶般不顾一切不理不顾不管中国人的脸面和面子，然后毫无端由的把我们下午的买书钱（还差10磅）丢在中国队队友的脚下，摔门而去，更震惊的是，这一切在领导面前，只字不提，（更可怕的是，当我们偷偷还回钱的时候，她还假装不知道？）￥#@￥#%。整个过程，保加利亚队友投来惊诧的目光时，我的心都碎了。

而这，只不过是女博士的n多经典插曲之一。在blackwells她听不懂basement，害得我一个人在牛津郡找了她一下午，见到她后原来别人饭都吃完，待我等吃完饭，在书店买完书，回来人影不见，字条不见，原来，一个队伍的队友是没有留字条告知去向的义务的。

好歹我等会说英语，两个小时后找到。在 reception 和上一届第一名的队伍对面时，我刚说完“nice to meet you"女博士马上跟对方帮我补上一句我这一辈子也不会忘记的耻辱，在这样一个国际项目的见面会上，被自己人这样在老外面前侮辱，"He is a oral english teacher"（此处错误归博士所有），而后，对方惊讶而赞叹的看我的自我介绍。悲剧。

马上想起李杜老师如果在旁边，定会说“博士所言有错邪？”马上收起杀人的心，“She is a Ph.D.”I added.悲剧啊。
　　

还有，其实根本不会说英语（托福口语不及20分，这点我还帮着瞒着易师，实在悲剧），居然还能强撑着对完美国队后坚持当场骂一句“稀烂”，然后板起一张死脸开始教训别人，而后仿佛一切都不关自己事情一样以领导自居，而这是博士。之类的事情不一而足，发生过的事情对于她而言都不过子虚乌有，而真实的情况则被扭曲得一塌糊涂。不过这半年来的辛勤汗水，还来这个结局，实在有点不甘不堪。

真的，这次比完赛后不仅感觉当为中华之崛起而读书，更感觉，有志在国内念书，念博士的同学们，一定要好好学习，不要辜负祖国，不要辜负父母，更不要侮辱我们汉语中“博士”这两个极其牛逼的字眼。

康桥也只是一般，走完广袤的操场，沿着小河，看着让人无语的满地烟头，其实也挺无奈。

黑色披肩学士帽的各色人种人捧着大堆的书，黄皮肤黑眼睛游荡在三一学院旁边，厚厚的门楼砖墙，沧桑的尖顶，冒丫的绿草，清新的学院青草香气混合着咖啡刺鼻，如此而已。

这一切，我不神往，更不留连，也许，极可能是因为我没有文化，此刻，我更盼望的，便是回到我徐东路的狗窝，拿起律商联讯的ｃａｓｅ　ｂｏｏｋ好好复习，极悔当时没能认真研读，如果下次，有机会代表中国参加ｊｅｓｓｕｐ，一定会比现在好。

所幸没有日本队，但是ａｐｐｌｉｃａｎｔ冠军的一个英国小伙子引用了日本的某个案例，作为亚洲人的我却满目茫然，而judge却大为赞赏。同志们，悲剧。

最后的最后，感谢易师，没有你的信任和支持，小子生命中绝不会经历这一遭，没有你的信任支持，小子绝不会这么深刻体会生命中这样一次失败：原来，做自己不擅长的事情，确实隔行如隔山。您说让我出来争脸，小子报赧，对您不住，小子虽然尽力却失败了。（虽然或许大抵可能此刻博士的小报告已经含着她的泪水飞到您的邮箱，小子的解释没有什么意义，多一句话都是多余）

最后最后的最后，语言就是力量，这话不假，无论你在牛津的blackwells，还是在康桥的trinity college，还是在石牌岭8号。

在康桥，刚吸过红金龙，说了句，思想有多远，他就能走多远。想起马老师，anyway, 我的一个小梦想实现了。

第一章    共识

探寻争端

美国政治正处于一种令人惊恐万分的情状之中。我们激烈地反对着近乎一切事物。对于恐怖与安全，社会公正，政治中的宗教，谁适合当法官，以及民主究竟是什么等问题，我们似乎永远无法达成一致意见。而这些分歧绝不是循规守礼的和而不同：争执各方对于彼此毫无任何尊重可言。我们已然不是自治政府中的伙伴；我们的政治毋宁已是某种形式的战争。

2004年度总统选举的尖锐纷争达到了令人作呕的程度。共和党众声言，民主党候选人的获胜不啻于是对国计民生的威胁，甚而将会令得兴国无望。副总统切尼(Cheney)断言，约翰·克里(John Kerry)的获胜同时也将是以奥萨马·本·拉登(Osama bin Laden)为首的一众美国死敌的全盘胜利。有些罗马天主教的主教甚至宣称,任何投票支持克里的天主教徒第二天都会为自己所犯下的这种罪孽而忏悔不已。自由党人同样认定这是一场赌注极高的赌局，然而他们却认为风险来自另外一方面。在自由党众看来，布什政府乃是美国历史上最糟糕，最无能的一届： 它那莽撞的战时“敲穷人竹杠”的减税方案，和那令人叹为观止的预算赤字将在未来几十年中严重地打击美国经济；对伊拉克的悍然入侵不过是一场反道德，反人类，糟糕透顶的，旨在转移众人注意力的穷兵黩武而已。更为可悲的是，这场战争非但没能帮助美国安全脱离恐怖主义的梦魇，反而使我们在其险境的深渊里愈陷愈深。自由党人宣称，他们对选举的结果感到不仅是令人失望，更是令人作呕。

投票结果双方旗鼓相当——起决定性作用的是相对选票数较少的一个州——而且从地理位置上来看成犬牙交错的态势：共和党赢得了更为乡村的中西部，南部和西南地区；而民主党则获得了中心城市，沿海地区，以及北部诸多工业州的支持。在大选前夜，有线电视网在显示得票结果的电子地图上将共和党和民主党各渲染成对应的红色和蓝色，继而整个美国版图被划分为了令人震撼的众多红蓝两色毗邻块区。评论员们如是说道，这些斑驳的颜色象征着一个完整国家之内存有的一道深深的不可弥合的沟壑：一道横亘在两种互不兼容，却又包罗万象的文化间的鸿沟。红色文化与蓝色文化争锋相对地在公共事务领域中要求更多的宗教参与。而蓝色文化则需要美国国民财富的更为平均的配给；它主张向富人阶层以及接近富人阶层征取更多的赋税。而红色文化则认为高税收反而是对成功者的惩罚，从而摧毁国家经济；它因此要求降低课税。蓝色文化坚称经济需要更少的自由，而性爱需要更多的自由；红色文化的需求则与之完全相反。蓝色文化宣称全球变暖是一项严重威胁，从而要求将原始生态区域当作受到威胁的不可再生资源保护起来;而红色文化则认为仅仅为了保护树木而折衷我们的经济发展毫无理智可言。红色文化还认为任何限制我们的政府打击恐怖主义敌人的做法是神志失常的表现；在认定的恐怖分子面前，它质疑一切国际组织，并对那些引用“恐怖分子也有人权”的教条显得失去耐心。蓝色文化承认恐怖分子们确然给我们国家带来了空前的危机，然而它却急切地去滋养国际法并支持国际组织，哪怕国家安全危机与日俱增，它却宁愿以身试险，也不愿去动摇能够为那些被指控为罪犯和即将遭到严厉制裁的人们提供保障的法律和习惯的威严。

有评论家们辩称道，我们的分歧绝不仅来自于政治层面上所呈现的相异而已，而是来自于更深层次，更内化的一些原因；他们认为，政治上的迥然相异，发源于由人格（personality）和自我意象(self-image)构成的相互鄙倪的两个世界之间更深层，却又含糊不清的两相对比。蓝色文化美国人（Blue-culture Americans），据说，热衷于世事浮华；他们培养着对进口葡萄酒和各类报刊的独特品味，他们的宗教信仰，如果他们有的话，也是如此哲理化，稀释化，和普适化。红色文化美国人（Red-culture Americans）却固守着更为直率的真实世界；他们畅饮啤酒，在电视上观看赛车比赛，而他们的宗教也更倾向于朴质化，福音教派化，和好战化。布什赢得了2004年度总统竞选，尽管事实上他在上一任期内表现得差强人意。然而仅仅由于在那一刻，红色文化在选票数量上比蓝色文化稍俱优势，既而布什成功地拥抱的不单是红色文化的政治偏好，更是其所蕴含的道德观和审美观。

诚然,否认美国民众间异乎寻常地深刻且激越的政治分野,否认这些政治分野正沿袭一条断层线将红蓝政治世界一分为二的做法将是愚不可及的。然而,言称这“两种包容万象的文化”正开始变得按常理出牌的说法也的确言过其实。2004年大选结果中的地理分野,确实显示出地域区划在整个过程中扮演着重要的角色.然而这两种文化在竞相角力的过程中却主张更多：对于贯穿双方政立场和政治态度的性格或世界观的广泛而深入的描绘，以及对于能将双方统一在同一文化信仰，文化品味和文化态度的深入探究。自然，能够确切地对上述一切得出统一的看法，毕竟是一件困难的事情。举例而言，对于下述问题的答案，我们尚看不出任何端倪：在社区公共生活中热衷于庆祝基督教宗教节日的人们，为什么必然倾向支持应向富裕阶级主张低课税？他们为什么对侵犯受到指控的恐怖分子们的应有人权一事漠不关心？以及他们为什么应当更倾向于坚决抵制或能延缓环境污染的那些环保条例？我甚而质疑多数克里的拥趸者们是否真的偏爱霞多利（译注：CHARDONNAY是酿造高档干白葡萄酒和香槟酒的世界名种，用其酿制的葡萄酒，酒色金黄，清新幽雅的香气，柔和悦人的果香，属世界名酒。）胜过喜利兹（译注：Schlitz ,是美国六零年代家喻户晓的啤酒）。也许，这两种文化的论辩主题并不于囿对我们政治的注解，而更在于对于政治本身发端的探寻。在近期选举过程中的一股主导力量，乃是福音派宗教与强大的经济利益结成的政治同盟。与其说这一联盟阵营是一种潜在的文化身份，不如说它是政治上的一道神来之笔：使憎恶同性恋婚姻（gay marriage）的民众们诚服：他们亦当因而抵制累进税制（progressive income tax）¹。

不过，正如评论家们所考虑的，这两股文化的激辩是否恰好反映出两种时代思潮，它们在争夺国内统御地位时，所产生的真切而又深邃的深涧；抑或只是一项成功到令世人惊叹的政治发明？无论如何，这一文化激辩已然拥有了自己独特的政治生命，并被保守派和自由派恰如其分地利用而产生出所谓论战效应（polemical effect）。兹节录往届众议院议长，重量级人物，纽特·金里奇(Newt Gingrich)为这一激辩所提供的一个版本如下。

在过去的四十几年中，美国已被划分为了两大阵营。其中一大阵营集结了这样一些精英，他们坚持将上帝逐出公共生活领域；概言之，他们鄙薄美国历史，支持对于经济生活领域自由与竞争的经济管制，奉行由联合国所领御的所谓“练达优雅”（sophisticated）的外交政策；他们赞识《纽约时报》(New York Times)所臧否的一切。但是，另一大阵营中的美国民众则引以美国历史为荣，他们谙熟在理解美国卓异主义（American exceptionalism）观念时，上帝所扮演的不可或缺的角色；深知创造精神和竞争意识对于美利坚民族的至关重要；他们坚信美国值得他们去保卫，哪怕这样会激怒那些与之价值观相去甚远的外邦人士²。

诸如以上对于与美国大众观念何以分道扬镳的荒谬陈词，在一方（阵营）加诸仇恨于另一方的过程中绝非个案。很多自由主义人士对此类荒谬言论深感罪责：他们将绝大多数支持布什的选民们丑化成任由那些狡狯贪婪的财阀们摆布的，或愚昧无知，或狂妄成性，或极易受骗的还债苦力。这一由人为假想出的，广博而又不可逾越的文化鸿沟所带来的最终恶果，不单只是文化定势（stereotyping）,或而更胜之，乃是随之而来两方（阵营）之间的相轻相贱。任何理应有涵养的辩论，也都顺势应然在美国的政治生活中杳然缺席了。

飞花
曲:李偲菘词:陈少琪
编:ansen
凌晨同静望奇幻冰雕亮光
你我抱拥于陌生的地方
同游零度下纯白色的札幌
你说要永远拥有这夜风光
绵绵头上飞花散聚了无牵挂
谁能求漫天雪地里这温暖长留下
谁能求漫天雪地里这足印不退下
绵绵头上飞花能遇上壮丽落霞
绵绵头上飞花能遇上一次落霞
如像你跟我暂借的火花
怀念那一刹耀眼的火花
为何流下泪沉在一碗热汤
你说你担心若我不在旁
为何还在愿望黎明后捉紧曙光
你我有过这个故事便至死未忘
(music)

第一个暑假托福班终于结束了.早上一到,就看到了昨天Chris的结课视频，听到他低沉的声音，慢慢叙述，和那首经典的《练习》。已经不是第一次听到他唱这歌，认识他块六年了，多少次已经记不得了，那些曾经的场合和周围的人已经慢慢的从脑海里滑走，记得最清楚的一次，是最后一次老托福班的结课，我们一起唱完了这首歌。那些下面的热情，掌声，善意的笑容，也仿佛今天。

不同的是200多张写满祝福的卡片，和他一个人的偷偷抹泪。

认识他这么久，对Chris这个人，什么感觉都有过：陌生，好奇，赞叹，揶揄，理解，感叹，羡慕，嫉妒，崇拜，仰望，感伤，等等等等。六年以后，这一切的正负感觉的叠加，让我自己也分不清出究竟是怎样的感受更多，只是叠加起来超过哪怕以往同窗过的那些许多人，不敢自认识Chris的铁杆兄弟，只是有了上述的时间和叠加，叫声兄弟，怕是不为过的。

不能否认的是从来，从来没有见过Chris掉泪，哪怕是我认为最感伤的场合，于是，自以为是地把这个忍耐，勤奋堪称卓绝，十二宫里最孤独的星座的，永远让人看不穿的坚定而固执的男人当做火相白（痴）羊的偶像。遇事跟他商量，从来不会被支吾过去，遇到恶心的人或事物，总能听到他痛快解恨地叫骂。。。。。

只是，只是今天在视频最后的最后，看见他的手从眼前掠过。从旁才得知，后来一个人冷静了很久才走出休息间。

三月初，我老娘撞人，四月初老娘四种病一齐上来住了几天院，Chris得知都是第一时间问我情况；六月小子胆结石挂掉，第一个接到的电话是Chris的问候，如许种种，作为兄弟，倒是感觉理所应当。 直到七月初，知道Chris 母亲有恙，致电过去问候，里面的声音依然淡定从容，与周围的嘈杂声响格格不入。一直以为这种状况，若是落到我自己身上，怕是早就惶惶然不可终日，抛下一切了，倒是当时他电话里的从容不惊让我安心，兀自猜想怕是没有什么，默念一切都会好起来的罢了。后来见到他，在十八楼从他口中听到确切地陈述，却让我无法乐观。老吾老以及人之老，还在感叹你怎么现在还有心情在上课！！！！他妈的为XDF卖命卖到了这个个程度？？？

直到今天看到视频里的Chris淡定浅笑，和在讲台上站了六年从来没有见过的200多张真切地祝福，和最后摩羯的眼泪，我才理解这一切的不易，和嘴上言辞批判XDF，行动上却为了XDF付出的远比我们多的马老师，和他比较，我这个整天叫喊要做好老师的人是多么的微不足道。
　　

自从那天Chris母亲第一次手术前给他短信祝福，直到写字的现在都没有跟他再发些什么或者打个电话，但是我知道他却如每个老师那样照常奔波在每个教学点，为了教学而说些在学生看来开心的说话，完成自己每天10个小时左右的职责，不曾推卸，不曾退缩，不曾软弱，哪怕天塌下来。 于是没有去打扰他，更不知道此刻作为远远的旁人的我该说些什么能够改变不太乐观的现状。我只知道作为，如果能够做点什么能换回母亲的健健康康，恬静微笑，什么都不会在意失去吧。

絮絮叨叨写了很多，一如在Adam的婚礼上看到他母亲的幸福，现在感受到Chris母亲的暂时难关，默默给老娘打了个电话，听到她疲惫的声音问我今天累不累，没有说话眼泪已经下来了，暑假还会很热，交警依旧凶悍，乘客还是会要你开空调，你要好好的，好好的，我说。
　　

不知道还能为Chris做些什么，不知道还有多少XDF的六年青春，只能在这里默默念到，一定会好好的，我们都会好好的。

那两百多张写满信念的真诚，和无数关爱的真挚会见证，会保佑。

事实终于证明我在xdf的日子没有造成我预料中的当“老师”的效果，一段段因为断章取义而显得无聊的说话，被从课堂实际的讲课内容中抽离出来，本身没有“思想”的东西被人扭曲之后，被毫不知情，尤其是对我本人和课程一无所知的人看到后的效果，我看到了自己被鞭尸的感觉——无论他/她 们处于善意还是恶意，没有一点开心或者欣慰。

这是教学6年来，第一次严重的感觉到，自己需要反思自己课堂言论的时候，如果我的课程最后给gters们带来的回忆是如被捧杀的所谓语录废话，那这种无意义的课不上也罢，朋友，不交也罢。

下面是我对所谓“鄙视摇滚”id的回复，他称我为猥琐，并断章取义总结所谓语录，对于之，我本人保持取证，并诉诸法律追究的权力。

郑重声明，希望心怀善意的gters们不要再对于小子做无意义的所谓“语录整理”，好好考试，好好照顾身体，好好保重自己本来渺茫却瑰丽的梦想，将注意力放在小子上课的正题上面，之后，或许相望江湖能更值得回味。

至于那些心怀杀机，唯恐不乱，断章取义，龌龊不堪的鸟人，谢谢给我反思的机会，对与其它我只能无语，必要时候，当见分晓。

鄙视伪摇同学，你“辛苦”了，可是“上海人”那一段的记录实在不是我的原话，扭曲到无疑复加的地步，尚且有你自己的发挥。。。
　　　　在这里我本人澄清，现场的说话绝对不是原意。请诸位明察。若然有关同志觉得受到伤害，本人鞠躬道歉。对于上海同事及教学水平更是没有任何歪曲的意思。
　　　　在我这类低级并被搂主捧杀为“猥琐”的新东方老师看来，新东方的“一句话笑话”向来是结合讲课内容进行，缓解课堂气氛如此而已。个人以为尤其上面说到的每个片段，若然断章取义拿出来毫无意义，绝不能与老罗的犀利思想的独立说话相比。
　　　　个人再次声明，以上内容不过是课堂讲课与内容讲述本身的调料，绝对没有而且不能单独拿出来做所为“呈献思想”的材料，甚至会误导大众。
　　　　另外，所谓“语录”不过是搂主id个人断章取义的材料，并非我个人意义的直接陈述，搂主没有与我沟通，做出如上发布，并捧杀我为猥琐，断章取义我的课堂言论，诸君若为一笑无妨，若有人根据此类断章取义的内容做毫无意义的发挥转述，我个人将依法保留追究权利。谢谢。
　　　　
　　　　“引言”多即兴未经大脑思考之随形发挥，多有言词无聊，无趣之处，给众人带来的不适，本人郑重道歉。搂主认为被新东方骗钱，小子却以为自己的工作能给你带来什么，适得其反。实在无语。请与我联系。
　　　　
　　　　实在有网友需要追究此类说话，可找我本人我个人油箱aaronyep@gmail.com

众所周知，ETS除了一套自己的口语rubrics，作为考前公布的口语标准以外，在每个应试者考完以后还会发出test report，并在report当中给出具体分项的评估和解析。

图中三栏分别给出1，2题（speaking about familiar topics）；3，5题(speaking about campus situations)和4，6题(speaking about course content)的解析。

就分数判断和评价而言，依据各个档次分别给出不同的分数评价和评分理由，而不同的评分，不过是这些评价的模式化的排列组合，评分员并没有依据每个人特定的情况给出个性化评分。

请诸位考前仔细察看，根据评分标准rubrics和我们上课讲述的相关练习方法结合自己的实战体会，在考前吃透这套ets“放四海皆准”的标准，从而在复习备考的过程中更加有的放矢。（下面的成绩单截图取自某锉男08.6.22武大。）
　　

先看看看lulu704这个马甲的几句话:

1.首先默念n遍，我不是来掐架的，我也不是想来给aaron老师洗脑的。抬头看上方部分脑残者回复，感叹XDF还是有部分心理发育不成熟者。

悲天悯人的又几句:

2.不管是还给了美国人，还是中国人，他们都还了。　　

日本人是曾经用刺刀杀死几十万中国人，他们的国人就是用同样悲惨的方式死在了原子弹的硝烟中。南京这个城市是一个巨大的伤口，流满了鲜血.可是.东京何尝不是一个巨大的伤疤，还留着烟熏过后的黑色。

3、直到今天我才知道勿忘国耻这句话的漏洞百出。
　　以前我总是说，愤青误国，勿忘国耻。

不问因果先后的此马甲又辩护道：

4、我了解所有的战争受害的都是民众，无论是战争时期还是和平时期，民众永远是最最悲哀的棋子。
还有我经常听到的：

5、我想我们还是忘记吧。
　　那些念念不忘的仇恨。
　　一个国家的宽容，一个战胜国的宽容，是没有理由一直斤斤计较到今天的。

对不起，马甲同学，让我最生气的是这样一幅众人脑残唯我独健全的自以为是的嘴脸：

6、那个叫小白的，口气十足混xq的样子，握手先，终于在一片脑残回复中看到一正常人。

我已经没有什么话说了，对不起，查查数字，或者看看

the rape of NANKING(南京浩劫)这本书，你不会拿人命作为数字在说欠和还的道理，就算说，也该准确的知道，日本人的暴行甚至超过了帖木尔的若干行为；南京一座城死掉的人，也早超过欧洲国家整个战争期间的死亡人数；也早超过了日本核爆的死亡人数。

这些死亡的诸位，手牵手可以从南京一直排到杭州，空间距离超过200英里，他们流出的血液达到1200万吨，他们的尸体可以装满2500节火车皮，最后，如果将这些尸体堆叠起来，可以达到74层楼房之高。然后，你轻轻的来告诉我不“脑残”的人就该宽容，哪怕邻居没有道歉，甚至教育自己的小孩那时为了中国人好！！！！不“脑残”的人就该遗忘，因为“愤青误国”？？？合合，你自认上过我很多班，其实怎样，你能摆个数字原则，问个what+why，就知道你非要写这样的字，其实可以写到别的地方。实在对不起，不想为你打字了，我们都节约点时间作别的吧。有些东西，大家都记在脑子里就好了，我尊重你的说话，因为我承认我脑残！！！！！！

谢谢。如果可能，去别人的博客写，写多少个脑残都可以吧，这里是脑残者的乐园，谢谢脑功能吉祥的你来告诉我们这里的人，其实我们都是脑残。还有，你如果真的上过我的可以，就知道，其实愤青的精神是背单词！很可惜，你和我认为的有些脑残异样，连帖子都没有看完，就慌忙写字了。

不是掐架，是悲剧。

对不起。我脑残！

　　今天就改到这里，不行了，歇菜了。下线睡觉了。上来换个歌，“和各式各样的.mp3文件纠结”到现在，猛然发现，TL6001猛男，猛女太多了。听到绝对的满分答案，不止1个，3个以上，在我的硬盘里面。心情突然很好。太牛了！

两年了，终于听到了一个绝对令小子这种自诩新东方听力口语老师汗颜的答案后，突然领悟到一个很深奥的道理，其实，有些事情，只要中国人想做到的，没有什么是不能的。而我辈若不努力，不知道许以十年五年后，也许根本不用那么久，小子还靠什么站在这里。（呵呵，转行卖猪肉！）

　　
　　真的。不会写长句了。主要是被震撼了。太牛了！真的！就不点名字了，一起听吧，想说，其实，大家都很努力，那就继续，用托福思路“坚持别放弃吧。”
　　
　　尤其是那些交了学费来我课堂里睡觉的，发短信的，吹空调的，谈恋爱听海的，交友聊天春游观光扫墓和对新东方老师指手画脚横眉冷对牛逼烘烘之余尚还希望飞跃成功的更“牛”的大人们，一定要听!
　　
　　呵呵，明天早上起来，背单词去，要不，我们一起去吧？
　　
　　各位？
　　
　　悲剧啊。。。。。。
　　
　　听海
   *（仅以此歌送给那些交了学费来我课堂里睡觉的，发短信的，吹空调的，谈恋爱听海的，交友聊天春游观光扫墓和对新东方老师指手画脚横眉冷对牛逼烘烘之余尚还希望飞跃成功的更“牛”的大人们）* 　　

歌手：张学友 专辑：活出生命live演唱会
　　
　　
　　写信告诉我今天海是什么颜色
　　夜夜陪著你的海心情又如何
　　灰色是不想说蓝色是忧郁
　　而漂泊的你狂浪的心停在哪里
　　
　　写信告诉我今夜你想要梦什么
　　梦里外的我是否都让你无从选择
　　我揪著一颗心整夜都闭不了眼睛
　　为何你明明动了情却又不靠近
　　
　　听海哭的声音叹惜著谁又被伤了心
　　却还不清醒
　　一定不是我至少我很冷静
　　可是泪水就连泪水也都不相信
　　
　　听海哭的声音这片海未免也太多情
　　悲泣到天明
　　写封信给我就当最后约定
　　说你在离开我的时候是怎样的心情
　　
　　
　　

"Rent seeking is the expenditure of scarce resources to capture an artificially created transfer."寻租是耗费稀缺资源攫取的一种人为创造的财产转移。

寻租通常与腐败联系在一起，有租金存在的地方就有腐败存在的可能。政府控制财产转移的能力越强，制约他的力量越弱，腐败的程度也就越深。寻租往往使政府的决策或运做受利益集团或个人的摆布。这些行为有的是非法的，有的合法不合理的。往往成为腐败和社会不公和社会动乱之源。

Flat Oragnizational Structure

A Flat Organizational Structure is an organizational structure that features relatively few layers of managers between the top of the corporation and the normal employees.

Applying this organizational concept has a number of benefits:

● More effective and simpler communication processes. Minimal bureaucracy.

● Increased flexibility to cope with changing circumstances through more decentralized authority to take decisions.

● Matches the needs of the modern knowledge worker to have more responsibility, autonomy and authority. Bottom-up Approach.

● Smaller resource commitments to the task of employee supervision.

● Improved customer relation management through more personal contacts and quicker decision-making.

成本收益分析法（cost-benefit analysis）

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is the weighing-scale approach for decision-making. All the positive elements (cash-flows and other intangible benefits) are put on one side of the balance and all the negative elements (the costs and disadvantages) are put on the other. Whichever weighs the heavier wins。

偏好类Preference （16道）

1.      你是喜欢自己在家里吃还是去外面餐馆吃？为什么？

I prefer eating at home, because it’s less expensive and more creative. For one thing, dining outside everyday is not an option for me, as I’m still a student and the budget is always tight. Except for special occasions, I seldom eat out. In addition, I’d like to diy my own dishes, experimenting with all kinds of ingredients and seasoning that suits my taste. It feels more fun. And there is a great feeling of satisfaction. So for these reasons, I like eating at home.

2.      喜欢到大城市读书还是小城市读书。

I’d like to study in a big city, for two reasons. Firstly, universities in major city tends to have a higher qualities than those in small towns. The government may have more funding to support educational programs. More faculties are attracted. And better facilities are available. In addition, one meets more people in big cities. They help you broaden your view and even offer your good opportunities for academic or career success. For these reasons, I’d pick a big city to study in.

3.      喜欢一个人住还是和室友住

I’d prefer to live with other people, for two reasons. First, living with someone else teaches ymd to share. As the only child in my family, it’s inevitable for me to think in a self-centered way. Having somebody living with me can remind me to share and can be my first step toward maturity. Moreover, a roommate can be very helpful. Like if you forgot your key or left something in the apartment, having a roommate can save much trouble to solve the problem. So, for these reason, I’d like to have someone living with me.

4.      愿意在办公室工作还是在家工作，为什么?

I definitely prefer to work at the office, for two reasons. Firstly, the atmosphere in the offices helps you work more efficiently. As it is supposed to be the place for work, everybody will just do his job. And in the office you get the assignment more directly, so misunderstandings are avoided. Moreover, working with other employees is more convenient if there is a problem. You can go and consult your co-workers or even the boss. With help one can do better and learn faster. So, for these reasons, I prefer the traditional way of working in an office.

5.      愿意当leader还是当follower

I’d choose to be a leader, because I’d rather be ambitious rather than mediocre. Firstly, as a leader, you have other people count on you. This requires great qualities, like courage, foresights, tolerance, and it is never easy. But you can learn more from a tough work. If I can be a leader, I believe the experience will make me more mature and capable. In addition, another advantage of being a leader is more chances to implement his or her idea. It feels good you can do what you want and do it well. So for these reasons, I prefer the position of a leader rather a follower.

6.      Take a long vacation or several short vacations in a year?

I’d like to take a long vacation rather than having several short ones in a year, because a long vacation enables me to make bigger plans for recreation.

Eg1: a long trip to anther city, or even foreign country

Eg2: return to my hometown to see my parents, it’s especially important for people who works far away from home to have a longer vacation, so we can stay more time with family.

So, for the above reasons, I like to take a long vacation for bigger plans.

7.      Do you prefer to study alone on work assignment from class or to study in group?

8.      同意或不同意students will learn more when they have discussions

I definite prefer to study alone, because it’s more efficient. For one thing, when left alone, I concentrate more on the work assignment. In a group discussion while other people talk and you have to listen, a lot of information from the textbook may be missed. But studying alone you have more time to read and think more thoroughly. In addition, I like to study according to my own pace, like spending more time on my weak points. But in a group study, the majority preference decides all. So for these reasons, I prefer study by myself.

9.      Communicate with your family and friends by letter and e-mail or by telephone

I always communicate with my family or friends by telephone, for two reasons. Firstly, it’s feels more close to the one you’re talking to. By telephone, you can communicate with hearing the other voices. It always gives me a sense of intimacy, especially when I’m talking to someone from the family, since I study far away from home. In addition, actually hearing the words prevent misunderstanding. The use of tones and emphasis in talking helps people to know your true meaning. So, for these two reasons, I choose telephone.

10.  赚钱的工作还是personal satisfaction 高的工作

I’d choose a job with more personal satisfaction, for two reasons. Firstly, it’s sad to put the pragmatic concern before everything. If I force myself to do a job without incentive for money concerns, chances are that I will not be fully-devoted to do it well, and of course my money will be affected at the end. In addition, a job with more income is often damaging to the health, because of the tension and competition. So I think it’s always safe to count on the job with more satisfaction to you for a long-term concern.

11.  在旅行时，有些人喜欢直接到达目的地，有些人却喜欢沿途一路上观光。

For me, I like to take my time and see things along the way. Firstly, who knows there can be some surprisingly beautiful sights on the way, and I don’t want to miss it. It can be even better than the place I wanted to go. In addition, I don’t like to rush myself. If I do so, I may already feel tired when I get to my destination. And if the point is to relax through traveling, I’d like to start that from the moment I set out. So, that’s my reason for sight-seeing along the way.

12.  Get advice from family and friends or learning through personal experience.

I’d probably take advice from my family or friends, because it’s more helpful. For one thing, I know myself can be very stubborn sometimes, and I’m not aware of my problem until somebody points it out for me. And moreover, suggestions from older people or friends are more valuable. Because they watch things from another angle, they can come up with something more objective or comprehensive. More often than not, they see things you don’t see. So I’ think it’s wiser to ask for opinions from them.

13.  你选择online courses还是traditional courses

I’d definitely choose traditional courses over online courses, because I’m more accustomed to the conventional way. I’m used to facing a teacher in the class. By concentrating on the person, I can focus on the lecture. Staring at the computer will make me tired and bored very soon. In addition, the traditional classroom allows you to raise question any time you want, which is not possible by taking online courses, because the content on the internet is pre-designed and unchangeable. So for these reason, I’d rather stick to the traditional courses.

14.  Which one do you think is better to help do research, internet or academic books?

Usually I’d use both of them for my research, but if I have to choose on, I’d say the internet. For one thing, nowadays the internet has almost everything you need, but the library does not. For example, the book you want may be included or may be borrowed by someone else. In addition, it saves your energy to use internet. All you need is a computer. But carrying books around can be very heavy. So, for these reasons, I’d prefer to search online.

15.  Make friends with people who have different interests from you?

Usually I don’t make friends with people who are quite different from me, because it’s hardrer. For one thing, I like to be with someone who shares my interest. It makes me feel closer to the person. We can talk about things in common, and understand each other better. In addition, conflicts may arise when I’m with someone quite different. What if I happen to be on the opposite side of his interest or view? We can argue with each other, and the relationship can be ruined. So for these reason, I prefer making friends who are similar to me.

挑选类Selection （4道）

1.      杂志,小说,诗歌,喜欢哪个

For me, I like poems the best, because the language is beautiful and so are the ideas. One poem I cherish is from Robert frost “the road not taken”. In it he says he picked one road out of two in the woods and how everything changed ever after. It made me meditate about how different our life can be after a simple choice. It also reminds me to not regret once I’ve settled on a decision. And there are many other poems like this one, beautiful and philosophical. So I love them.

2.      喜欢看哪种电影,为什么:Comedy, drama, musical…

I’d say I like comedy the best, because it’s amusing. When I want to watch a movie, more often than not, I’m looking for something fun, something that relieves my tiredness or sadness. A comedy fits my criterion perfectly, as it’s not serious as say, documentaries, or tragedies. So I don’t have to think much about it. That’s why I like movies of whoopee Goldberg, especially her sister act. It makes me laugh every time and forget myself. So, this is the primary reason I like comedy.

3.      森林, 沙漠, 平原...你喜欢住在哪种环境里?

I’d choose to live on a plain, because it’s more suitable. Firstly, I have to consider the transportation problem. Living on a plain is usually more convenient because the transportation system is more established and advanced. Compared with the forest or desert which is not quite accessible, it’s better to live on a plain where it’s easier for you to move or travel. In addition, the climate on a plain is more agreeable than that in the other two. The forest is too humid, and the desert to dry. So, for these reasons, I’d rather live on a plain.

4.      除了academic programs，还有什么在你选学校的时候很重要：location, cost…?

Besides academic programs, there are two things I would take into consideration when selecting a university. Firstly, the location. Usually I prefer bigger cities than small town because it’s more convenient for living. Also I prefer balmy climate for the place, not too cold nor too hot. In addition, the cost is another thing to consider. The tuition fee must be reasonable and affordable. And if the programs are equally appealing, of course the less money the better. So, location and cost are the other primary concerns when I choose a university.

A good school I went to.

The university I’m studying in is an excellent institution. Firstly, the academic programs are appealing. We have the first-class faculties with solid educational backgrounds and rich experience in teaching and researching. The facilities are also high-standard. We have comfortable classrooms, well-equipped labs, big libraries and brand-new playfields. In addition, its location is perfect in the central part of our capital city Beijing. It’s convenient for transportation and shopping. I think it is the best school I have even studied in.

观点类Agree or Disagree （26道）

1. 电视对于现代社会有正面作用还是负面作用，选择其中之一并解释原因。
2. modern technology makes life simple or hard?
3. Computer have improved our lives while others think computers have caused problems
I definitely agree that tv have negative effect for modern society
                                   Computer has caused problems for us.
                      Modern technology has complicated life rather than simplifying it.
For one thing, tv/ computer/ modern technology makes people dependent. Because the convenience and efficiency a tv set/ computer/ modern technology has brought us, we have got used to enjoy the direct product without taking effort to think or use our own skills, which makes us less capable on our own. In addition, we are faced with the difficulty in making choices because of tv/ computer/ modern technology. there are so many information and options available, people are likely to get lost and don’t know which one to choose. It even may cause conflicts between people who prefer different things. Therefore, I support ..
People may get so used to watching tv for information or for fun, that they don’t develop other healthy ways for resources. And they are inclined to receive what’s tv directly rather thinking on their own. 

4. Do you think the high school should teach music and art as other basic science?
5. 学校应不应该在普通课程中加入Sport courses?
I definitely agree that school should offer sports/ music and art course. For one thing, a sports/ music and art class prevents students from becoming too narrow in capacity. The healthy growth of a student requires not only an intelligent mind, but also a strong physique/ an ability to appreciate the beauty of artistic creation. In addition, being versatile is likely to boost the study of science courses by offering a means for relax. It mitigates the tension of focusing on one type of learning. so, for these two reasons, I support student should be given the opportunity to have sports class/ art and music class.

6. 打手机该不该在一些地方禁止？
I definitely agree that cell-phone be banned in certain places. For one thing, talking to a cellphone in public places is very disturbing to people around you. Like on buses I often see people talking loudly through cellphone, and sometimes they discuss their personal stuffs in front of all the other passengers. This feels very annoying.  In addition, using cellphone is not appropriate for certain occasions, like a library, or a theatre. In such places you should not produce any noice, let alone picking up cellphones. So, for the two reasons, I highly support that using cellphone be inhibited in certain places.

7. 政府是否应该资助建博物馆和剧院。说出你的观点和理由。
I definitely agree that the government should help build more artistic places like museums and theatres. For one thing, such places are excellent for promoting appreciation for art in society. Nowadays, people are becoming too mechanic because of the fast speed of life. Access to museums and theatres helps them to regain the passion for beauty in life. In addition, visiting museums and theatres is so much better than being a couch potato or an internet addict. With more of them built in the city, people will develop a healthier way for recreation and relax. So, for the two reasons, I support government invest more money on building museums and theatres.

8. 城市建设中应该保持old building呢还是应该用new building replace old building
I highly recommend that old buildings be preserved because they are valuable for educational purpose and tourism. An old building usually can serve as educational sites for kid to learn the past culture of the city, or as reference for students of architecture. In addition, it also boosts the development of tourism, if the place is a historical heritage. The city can benefit from the income. And people have some place to go on weekends. So, for the two reasons, I don’t think it’s not wise to erase the old building for the sake of new ones.

9. Should the university education be free?
10. 大学是应该向所有人开放还是只对一部分学生开放
I’m not so optimistic about university for free/ for all. For one thing, it can cause tension on budget and resources. No charge of tuition for college students will definitely lead to a boost in enrollment, in turn more money and more facilities and faculties should be placed to cope with the increase, which is very likely to result in great pressure in funding and resources. In addition, university for free / for all may go against the selective purpose of higher education. More people going to college means less value of the degree. So, for these reasons, I don’t support free university/ university for all.

11. attend college 是否比不读college容易successful in career ,why?
12. 有些人觉得在大学的学习是很重要的,有的人觉得它并不怎么重要,你的观点?
In my opinion, despite some exceptions like bill gates, for most of us, attending college helps than not attending one/ studying in college is very important. For one thing, going to college is not only about accumulating knowledge. It also associates with the social recognition and how people label you. with a college degree, you are more likely get the better opportunity for success in career, like good job, or respect, etc. in addition, studying in colleges tend to be more practical nowadays, it preps you better for the future competition for later success. So, I think for most of us, studying in a college is important.

13. Do you agree or disagree:”The most important lesson can’t be learned in class.”
I tend to agree that the most important lesson can’t be learned in class, because according to my understanding, the most important thing you learn are often through practical experiences. For example, a student from medical school may know his or her textbook very well, but still don’t know what to do when faced with a real patient. Or a student from business school who can recite all the theories but still not good at dealing with clients. What you learned in class is usually very limited, and chances are that the most valuable lesson comes from the practical.

14. Is it important for students to attend class regularly or study by oneself?
I tend to agree that studying by oneself is more important than attending class regularly. For one thing, you may not feel satisfied in the class. There is only one teacher who teaches many students, the time and energy the teacher can give to you is very limited. Sometimes you may feel you are not getting enough from the class. In addition, only yourself know what’s your weak points and what you are good at. So you can make schedules for yourself, and improve the learning efficiency. Therefore, I hold it’s more important that one knows how to study by himself.

15. Whether parents should lead their children to watch TV or the children should choose
I tend to agree that parents should let their children to choose tv programs. For one thing, parents don’t always understand the taste of their children. They might pick up the wrong program. Like, parents may want their children to watch educational channel while the kid want some cartoon. In addition, parents should trust their children to make their own decisions, since it is a skill one to need to pick up sooner or later in life. So I suggest that parents give some freedom to their children to watch what they like.

16. 应该选择工作好找的专业还是应该选择自己感兴趣的专业
I definitely agree that one should choose a major that suits his interest rather than the job market. For one thing, it’s sad to put the pragmatic concern before everything. If you force yourself to learn something you don’t like, chances are that you will not be fully-devoted to learn it well, and may even feel bored and regret. In addition, the demand of job market is subject to change all the time. There is no guarantee that the popular major when you enter the college would remain popular after you graduate. So I think it’s always safe to count on something you like to do and do it well.

17. 同不同意People should always tell the truth .
I definitely disagree that people should always tell the truth, because lying is necessary sometimes. One example is the white lie. People always tell white lies to prevent other’s feeling from being hurt. Like husbands always say their wife is the most beautiful woman in the world to please her, even though they both know it can’t be true. In addition, in business or politics, people use lies or bluffs as a negotiation strategy to win more benefit for their side. Such kind of lies are also acceptable. So, I hold that not telling the truth is ok and even helpful sometimes.

18. Do you agree that we can judge a person by the appearance at the first glance?
I definitely disagree that we can judge a person by the first glance, because it’s not reliable. For one thing, appearance lies. An extreme example will be a con man who may dress decently and talk sincerely, but in fact he is only acting to trick you. Moreover, to get a full picture of another person takes much more than a glance. There are so many information you can’t tell from people’s appearance, like their past history, their eating habit, etc.. What you get is only a partial, and the partial may lead to prejudice. So, for these reasons, I don’t think judging a person by the first impression is a good idea.

19. Do you agree or disagree: Students should wear uniform in school?
I tend to disagree that students should wear uniform in school. For one thing, I think as long as the students are doing fine, it doesn’t matter what they wear. Some may say uniform is to prevent certain students wearing inappropriate clothes for school. why not just make some restrictions. The school doesn’t have to make everyone dressed the same. And this is my second point, asking students to wear uniform is a demand for conformity. As young people like to express themselves, it can be a bad influence on their psychology. So, for these reasons, I don’t like uniforms.

是否同意学生进入大学前有一个one-year的break
 I tend to agree with having a one-year break before going to college. For one thing, it gives you more time to consider about your major. Traditionally, university candidates do not have much time to decide what to learn in college. With the one year break, they can collect information or think more carefully to make this important choice. In addition, some students can use this break to earn some money for their tuition. So I think the one-year break is a good idea.

20. 学生在工作前应该做part-time job或者summer intern来确定自己是否合适那份工作?
I definitely agree with students doing part-time or intern to find out which job they most fit in. because such working experience give you real information. When you do the real job, you may realize it is nothing like what you’ve learned in school. Like, through an internship a student from business school may find out he is not good at dealing with a client in practical situation. So he may think of other alternatives like becoming a lecturer. In addition, part-times and interns enable you to try more kinds of jobs and give you a greater variety to choose from. So, I recommend students taking part-times or interns.

21. Have a relaxed and unhurried life, yes or no?
No, it sounds hedonistic. for one thing, it’s not possible for one to be relaxed forever, some day there will be something urgent happen to you, if you are used to the idol way of life, you are not likely to deal with it efficiently.
Moreover, giving yourself a little tension helps you to increase your potential. Chances are that with more experience in urgent situations, one grows up faster. With more practice one gradually accomplishes more.
So that’s why I’m not an advocator o a relaxed and unhurried life.

22. 人是被电视，报纸，广播上的信息影响得多，还是家人朋友得影响多
23. Which one acts more influence on you newspaper, TV or teachers?
I tend to think people nowadays are influenced more by the media rather than their family or friends. For one thing, people are exposed to information from media much more than they spend time with family or friends. It is inevitable for one to absorb things from them and change a previous perception. In addition, modern people are more and more independent. They are not easy to be affected by another person. But they might believe what on the media, because these are more factual things. So I think the media influence people more.

24. 人们往往认为应该在危急时刻帮助别人，但另一种观点认为你首先应该看清楚情况
I definitely agree that one should observe before helping others when there is a dangerous situation. For one thing, keep a clear mind helps you come up with better solutions to the emergency. Like, if the rescue may need more people than you or other tools. And you have to stop and think where to get them. In addition, if you rush too quickly to the scene, you may even endanger yourself. That’s definitely not helpful for anyone. So for these reasons, I think it will be wiser to think before you rescue people in danger.

25. Freshmen live together or with other grades?
I tend to agree that freshmen live with other grades, because it helps them fit in more quickly. For one thing, it creates more opportunities for the freshmen to make friends with their seniors and gain more knowledge about college life, like information of some professors, school policies, or resources in surrounding area. In addition, it’s also important for the new students to find an example to follow, and these examples are often from the higher grade students. Living with them helps one to know the model student better. So for these reasons, I think it’s beneficial for the freshmen to live with other grades.