§ Lesson 35 Stop thief! 捉贼
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★while n 一段时间
while = some time 一小会儿
wait for a while等一会儿
隔了一会儿after a while
★regret v 后悔 pt pp regretted
1、regret sth
you will regret it你会后悔的, 你一定会后悔的
2、regret to do : 很遗憾要去做
3、regret doing很遗憾已经做
I regret to tell you a bad news我很遗憾要告诉你一个坏消息 (还没说)
I regret telling him the news我真后悔告诉他这个消息
I regret to steal your money
4、regret that
遗憾 : pity、sorry、regret
pity n. it‘s a pity / sorry adj. I am sorry / regret v.
★far adv 非常
比较级前可以加修饰词, 表示程度
多一点点用a little, 多很多用much
far＝much, 修饰形容词或副词的比较级, 注意most 是修饰形容词或副词的, 而不是比较级
★rush v 冲
rush(用腿)冲 run 跑(速度很快)
★act v 行动
take action 采取行动
act! (口语) 行动!
★straight adv 径直
go straight on径直往前走
★fright n 害怕
frighten [???????] vt.使惊吓 vi.惊恐
frightening : 令人感到可怕的 / frightened : 自己感到可怕的
frightful＝terrible adj 可怕
your handwriting is frightful你的字真糟糕 / cold is frightful寒冷是可怕的
一个动词能够加ing/ed, 证明这个动词跟人的情感有关, 他的宾语就会是人
This doesn‘t worry me. / You frighten me.
get a fright得到惊吓的感觉, 类似get a surprise
I get a fright我吓了一跳 / you give me a fright你吓了我一跳
give sb sth
give: 给人带来感觉, 如 : give me a pleasure/an excitement/a fright
★battered adj 撞坏的
batter [????] n.击球手 v.打坏, 猛击
动词+ed : 被
battered : lose one‘s shape 被撞变形的(shape[????] v n)
damaged : 被刮坏的
destroyed car车子被损害不能修 / damaged car车子坏了, 但能修 / battered car 车变形
battered bag破旧不堪的包("battered" 与软的东西连用时, 表示用旧了, 破旧不堪的)
★shortly adv 很快, 不久
★afterwards adv 以后
shortly afterwards不久以后＝soon
shortly＝soon; afterwards＝later后来, 以后
soon: 不久以后 (可直接用)
【Text】
Lesson 35 Stop thief! 捉贼
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
How did Roy stop the thieves?
Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a busdriver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting.When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves‘ car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.
参考译文
罗伊·特雷顿原是开出租汽车的, 然而就在前不久, 他开上了公共汽车, 也并不为此而感到后悔. 他发觉自己的新工作令人兴奋得多. 最近, 当他正开车在凯特福德街上行驶时, 看到有两个小偷从一家商店里冲出来, 奔向等在那里的一辆汽车, 其中一个提着一只装满钞票的提包. 罗伊行动迅速, 开车直冲窃贼而去. 拿钱的那个小偷吓得把提包都扔了. 当那两个小偷企图乘车逃跑时, 罗伊驾驶他的公共汽车撞在了那辆车的后尾上. 当那辆被撞坏的车开走后, 罗伊停下车, 给警察挂了电话. 小偷的车损坏严重, 很容易辨认. 没过多久, 警察就截住了那辆车, 两个小偷都被抓住了.
【课文讲解】
he used to drive a taxi, but now he doesn‘t drive a taxi any more
a short while ago＝a short time ago不久以前
however
1、可以放句首, 可以放句中
2、如果一个词两边有逗好, 证明这个词是插入语
you will regret it
find 可以用一般现在时态, 可以用进行时态
he is finding his trip very exciting
far more exciting更有趣
along 沿着
a waiting car : 正在等候的车子
see sb do sth看见某人做某事(强调全过程) / see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事
I see them dance (看了全过程) / I see them dancing (只看了一部分)
hear sb doing/hear sb do
如果全过程用do, 过程中的一瞬间用doing
另外还有类似的词有 : smell, feel, hear, watch, notice等
full of 装满 : I have a cup full of tea.
at: 强调瞄准概念
with 一旦出现在名词后代词后就做定语, 出现在动词之后做状语
he came in with a book.(作状语) / the boy with a book came in.(作定语)
get a fright吓了一跳
such...that.../so...that... 如此...以致于
so+形容词(副词)+that.../such+(修饰词或形容词)+名词+that
一旦有名词, 就认为形容词修饰的是名词, 前面的词也修饰的是名词
drop/fall : 掉
sb drop sth, drop vt(及物).由于不当心抓什么没抓住掉下去
fall vi(不及物) : sth fall从上往下落
drop the money / the money fall
The chalk is falling./ I drop the chalk. (chalk [?????] n.粉笔, 白垩 vt.用粉笔写, 和以白垩)
as = when: 当.....时候
get away ＝ run away逃跑
by car /in the car
drive into 撞
stopped his car/the car stopped(与当时说话时的视觉概念有关, 一个是人为停, 一个是自己停下来)
damaged : 毁坏
....and easy to recognize = and the car was easy to recognize (用主动表被动含义)
用不定式放在形容词后面, 主动表被动含义
too...to.../ ...enough to....
stop拦住车子
both men ＝ two persons
stop the car
1、the driver stop the car
2、其他人stopped the car : 拦车
stop thief 捉賊
捉, 抓catch
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
1 Roy Trenton ______.
a. prefers driving a bus to driving a taxi b. prefers driving a taxi to driving a bus
c. is sorry he isn‘t a taxi driver d. is glad he didn‘t change his job
prefer ...to...更喜欢这个东西(和后面的东西比), 宁可也不
be sorry遗憾
prefer+名词 更喜欢
I prefer tea to water
prefer+名词+to(prep.)+名词(如为动词则+ing)
I prefer drinking tea to drinking water
prefer to(不定式的标志)+动词原形 : 更喜欢
rather than : 不喜欢, 而不是 (prep) (rather[???????????????????])
he prefers to drive bus rather than drive a taxi.
I prefer to have an apple rather than have an orange.
3 Roy Trenton used to drive a taxi. This means he ______ a taxi.
a. has stopped driving b. is used to driving
c. got used to driving d. still drives
used to(不定式的标志) 过去做现在不做
used to do过去常常做现在不做了("to" 为 prep)
be used to doing sth / get used to doing sth 习惯于
I am(not) used to getting up early我习惯起早
be used to do sth被用来
the knife is used to cut the paper刀被用来切纸
the boy is used to swimming in the river那男孩习惯在河里游泳
the boy used to swim in the river那男孩过去在河里游泳
4 He noticed two thieves ______ out of a shop.
a. to come b. are coming c. in coming d. come
answer : d
see sb. doing : 看见某人正在做某事; see sb. do : 看见某人做某事
hear : 听见
notice sb. doing / notice sb. do ; watch sb. doing / watch sb. do
b. are coming : 没有主从一致, 应为 : was coming 就对
7 The car was easy to recognize, so it wasn‘t ______ difficult for the police to catch the thieves.
a. much b. very c. many d. too
answer: d
too...to...: 太...以至于不能... / ...enough to...: 足以用来做某事
many 应加+名词 / much, very 一般不会与 to 连用
8 He hasn‘t regretted it. He ______ it.
a. isn‘t sorry about b. doesn‘t pity c. isn‘t pleased with d. doesn‘t laugh about
answer: a
be sorry about: 为什么感到遗憾(抱歉) / be pleasued with: 对什么感到满意 / laugh at : 嘲笑
laugh about:为什么原因而笑
b. pity 不对是由于词性不对
11 The thief dropped the bag. He ______.
a. let it b. left it c. fell it d. let it fall
answer: d
drop vt(及物) 抓什么而没抓住 : sb drop sth. / fall vi(不及物): 什么东西往下落 : Sth fall
Let sb. do : 让某人做某事
Let : 听之任之
Make: 又强迫的意思
1、 My father makes me play football.(强迫)
2、 My father lets me play football.(听之任之, 随他去)
重点说明 :
It‘s easy to recognize
the apple is sweet enough to eat
如果一个不定式的前面是一个形容词, 如果主句的结局是系表结构+to, 不定式当中常用主动表被动, 在不定式的表达方式当中, 动词的宾语如果刚好是这句话的主语, 这个宾语一定不能出现
the apple is too sour to eat.(sour adj [????????] 酸的)
......to answer the question 这个小孩足够聪明以至于能回答这个问题, "the question" 不是主语故一定要出现
the question is easy enough to answer.
文中 "...easy to recognize(car)" 因car是主语, 所以不能出现
在不定式当中, 也许有可能用主动表达被动含义, 及物动词后面一般加宾语(这个宾语就是这句话的主语就不加), 又如 : the clothes are too comfortable to ware.
【Special difficulties】难点
so/such如此
such...that.../so...that...如此以致于
so+形容词(副词)+that.../such+(a, an修饰词或形容词)+名词+that
一旦有名词, 就认为形容词修饰的是名词, 前面的词也修饰的是名词
如果名词是可数名词单数才要加a和an, 反过来如果是可数名词单数, 前面一定要加a或an
Exercise 练习 用so, such或such a填空 :
1 He ran ______ quickly that I could not catch him.
2 Whoever told you ______ thing?
3 You should not make ______ many mistakes.
4 You should not say ______ things.
5 This picture is ______ beautiful that I shall hang it in my room.
6 It was ______ good book that it was bought by a film company.
7 It was ______ extraordinary exhibition that I went twice.
8 He is ______ lazy boy that he never does anything.
1、so 2、such a 3、so 4、such 5、so 6、such a 7、such an 8、such a
如果形容词是表示数量的(many, much, little, few), 一律用so
there is so little time left that we must hurry.
there is such a little(小) bird that I can‘t see it.("little" 不会和可数名词连用, 如连用不会译成 "数量少" , 而应译为 "小" )
he is so lazy a boy/he is such a lazy boy.
如果有几个以上的形容词共同修饰一个名词的时候, 冠词放在第一位, 这句话中冠词不放在第一位, 说明 "a" 与 "boy" 有关系, "lazy" 从意思上与 "boy" 有关系, 但从强调点上与 "boy" 没关系, 它的强调点在 "lazy" 上
such+冠词+形容词+名词/so+形容词+冠词+名词
§ Lesson 36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★record [???????] n. 记录 record [???????] vt
如果同一词音节落在第一个音节的重音, 肯定是名词, 重音落在第二个音节肯定是动词
recorder [???????????]录音机
如present n adj [???????] v [ ???????? ] / desert n [??????] v [???????]
break the record 破记录 / set up a new record 创记录
hold the record 保持记录 / keep the record 保持记录
equal[???????] adj.相等的, 均等的, 胜任的, 平静的, 合适的, 不相上下的
n.相等的事物(或数量), 对手, 匹敌, 同辈
vt.等于, 比得上等号, 等于
equalize the recorder 平记录 (equalize [??????????] vt.使相等, 补偿)
★strong adj 强壮的
as strong as horse 象牛一样壮(马)
strong wind 大风 heavy rain 大雨
strong girl (隐示不是很瘦, 结实)
strong mind意志坚强
out of sight,out of mind 眼不见, 心不烦
sturdy [???????] adj. : 结实的, 强健的
robust [???????] [????????] adj. : 身体结实 ("乐百事" 英文名)
strong swimmer :
strong +运动员 : 获胜把握比较大, 强有力的("强有力的对手" 中的 "强有力" 就用 "strong" 表达)
swimmer : 确切的意思为 : 游泳者, 游泳的人
athlete [???????] n : 运动员(运动会上常说的运动员)
swimming athlete游泳运动员 (这里的 "-ing" 以为 "用来" )
★swimmer n 游泳运动员, 游泳者
★succeed v 成功
success n 成功, 成功的人
successful adj 成功的
succeed in doing sth / be successful in doing sth
fail v fail to do sth
failure [???????] n. 失败, 失败者, 缺乏, 失灵, 故障, 破产, 疏忽, <美>不及格
★train v 训练
train sb to do sth (教, 而且有让人形成某种技能) / teach sb to do sth (只是教, 会不会不管)
trainer教练 / training center 训练中心
★anxiously adv 焦急
anxiousl adj
★intend v 打算
① be to/② be about to/③ be going to:表将来
④ intend to do sth＝be going to do sth打算做某事
⑤ plan计划 : plan to do sth 计划作某事
⑥ mean to do sth 打算做某事 : what do you mean to do(intend to do)
⑦ aim to do sth 打算做某事
aim [???] n 目标
I am going to have a company. / I intend to have a company.
⑧ I will do sth＝I intend to do sth
plan to do / mean to do / aim to do / hope to do / want to do 这类词本身没有将来时态, 本身就表示将来, 用一般现在时表示将来时
★solid adj 固体的, 硬的
the ice is solid冰很硬
ballet dancers/football player (ballet [??????????????] n.芭蕾舞, 芭蕾舞剧, 芭蕾舞乐曲)
1 work as+地点
2 工作怎么样
(1)interesing/boring/exciting (bore [??????] v n 使烦扰)
(2)人对工作的喜欢程度, she/he likes the job very much.
channel 海峡
the Channel＝the English channel (当 "C" 大写时, 一定是指the English channel)
across 横渡, across the Channel
【Text】
Lesson 36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
What is Debbie going to try to do?
Debbie Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow.She is going to set out from the French coast at five o‘clock in themorning. Debbie is only eleven years old and she hopes to set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed Debbie‘s father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr. Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Debbie intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Debbie‘s school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Debbie‘s mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
参考译文
黛比·哈特准备明天横渡英吉利海峡. 她打算早上5点钟从法国海岸出发. 黛比只有11岁, 她希望创一项新的世界纪录. 她是一个游泳能手, 很多人认为她一定能成功. 黛比的父亲将乘一条小船同她一道出发. 哈特先生训练她的女儿已经多年了, 明天他将焦急地注视着女儿游过这段漫长的距离到达英国. 黛比计划每两小时休息一下. 她将喝些饮料, 但不吃固体食物. 黛比的大部分同学将在英国海岸等候她. 他们当中还会有黛比的母亲, 她本人还是个姑娘时, 也曾横渡过英吉利海峡!
【课文讲解】
at five o‘clock in the morning 先说小单位, 再说大单位
hope 希望 : hope to do : 希望自己做 / hope that+从句 : 希望别人做
she hope to set up a new world recorder.
feel (that), 宾语从句中的that 可以省略
must + 动词原形 表示一定, 一种推测
be sure to do : 一定能够, 肯定语气比 "must" 强
sure [??????????????] adj. 对....有把握, 确信某事, 稳当的, 可靠的 adv.的确, 当然
Are you sure? 你肯定吗? sure 肯定
be sure of(对某件事情, 名词做宾语)
be sure to do(对某件事情动词有把握)
be sure that(对某件事情, 某人做某事有把握)
I am sure that I can do sth＝I am sure of sth＝I am sure to do sth.
I am sure of my success. / I am sure to succeed.
I am sure that I can succeed. (be successful)
...with her 同她一道
by boat / in a boat乘船
for years 几年
will be doing
as＝when
she swims the long distance to England.
swim + 距离 : 游过多长距离
will be watching sb anxiously as... : 当...的时候人们会密切(焦急)关注
anxiously [???????] adj.
the war broke out战争爆发
broke out 发生; 爆发
all the world will be watching anxiously as the war broke out.
‘meet the parents‘ ――《再见岳父母大人》影片名
we will be watching anxiously as you went (go) out.(电影中的一句台词, 表示 "牵挂" )
plan to / intend to
have(take) a break(rest) 休息 / take short rests休息短时间
every two hours
I will plant another tree every three trees. 每隔三棵树我会再种一棵
something to drink : 可以喝的东西, 不定式作定语
have something to eat/read/do
most/most of
most直接用 : most of + the : Most young people / Most of the young people
will be waiting
I will be right here wating for your
on the coast在海边
among [?????] prep.在...之中, ...之一
among them在他们当中
oneself放在动词或一句话的后面, 往往起强调的作用
定语从句中的关系词往往指代的含义是前面的先行词
限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句
如果是有逗号的是非限定性定语从句, 没有逗号的是限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句可以用, 非限定性定语从句不可以用的是that
限定性定语从句少了后面的句子, 这句话意思不完整,非限定性定语从句前面的句子完整, 后面的句子起着补充说明的作用
非限定性定语从句一旦有逗号隔开, 后面的句子和前面的句子关系不紧密, 起补充作用
among : 在...之间(三者或三者以上)
between them : 左右各一个人 : among them 很多人之中
Among them will be Debbie‘s mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.
倒装句 : 地点+will+名词
常见的倒装句 : here you are / here is my ticket
among them will be Debbie‘s mother
全部倒装 : 地点(介词短语或副词)+动词+名词
倒装句型中如果主语是名词, 放在动词后面, 如果是代词, 放在动词前面, 如 here you are.
【Key structure】 关键句型
She is going to swim across the Channel tomorrow. 将来时(KS12) (参见第12课关键句型)
Instead of saying:
We can say :
除了这种表述方法外 :
还可以说 :
I shall travel by air.
I am going to travel by air.
He will sell his car.
He is going to sell his car.
They will move to a new house.
They are going to move to a new house.
I intend to write to him.
I am going to write to him.
She means to ask for an explanation.
She is going to ask for an explanation.
We can often use going to in place of shall or will in simple statements and questions. We cannot use going to in sentences like this one :
在陈述句和疑问句中, 我们常常可用going to来替代shall或will. 在类似下列的句子中我们不能用going to :
You will enjoy yourself if you travel by sea. 如果你乘船旅游, 你会玩得很开心的.
be going to 一定强调计划和安排, 顺理成章的不用be going to
tomorrow will be Tuesday.
在运动场上常用的口语 :
well to go / well done / yea / yeah
bingo [???????] int.(因出乎意料的成功而表示兴奋的叫声)瞧!
go 加油
【Special Difficulties】 难点
Words often confused 经常容易混淆的词
a Watch, Look at, Follow.
Watch (something happening) 观看 (正在发生的事情) : Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously. (11.6-7)
Look at看 : Look at the blackboard. Look at your book. Look at this picture. 看黑板. 看你的书. 看这幅画.
Follow (go after) 跟随 (走在后面) : I followed my mother into the kitchen. 我跟着母亲走进厨房.
b Solid, Firm, Stable.
Solid (not liquid) 固体的 (非流体的) : She will not eat any solid food. (1.9)
Firm (not loose) 稳固的 (不松动) : I‘ve fixed that hook. It is firm now. 我把鱼钩固定好了, 现在它很牢固.
(not doubtful) (无疑) : He gave me a firm refusal. 他断然拒绝.
(not lenient) 严格的 : You must be very firm with that child. 对那个孩子你一定要非常严格.
Stable (often describing character) 坚定的 (常用来形容性格) : He is a very stable person. 他是一个性格坚定的人.
watch/look at/follow
watch something happening
look at : 看
follow : 跟随, follow me
solid/firm/stable
solid : 硬的(固体)
firm : 稳固的(不松动的),不会更改的
stable [???????] adj. : 坚定的(性格)
firm/stable
firm(人) : 下定决心, 不会改变主意firm decision
stable(人) : 稳重的, 可靠的
Exercise 练习 用上面的词填空 :
1 I came to a ______ decision and I will not change my mind.
2 I stood on the bridge and ______ the boats passing by.
3 May I ______ your photograph album?4 The ice in the pond is so ______ that you can walk to it.
5 I tried to persuade him but he remained ______.
1.I came to a firm decision and i will not change my mind
come to a decision/make a decision
come to a conclusion 得出结论 (conclusion [???????????] n.结束, 缔结, 结论)
2.watch the boats
watch sb doing sth.(句型结构)
watch 得出结论直接加宾语, 及物动词
by 这里是adv, 在附近
3.look at
4.so solid如此的坚硬
enough to do足以做某事
the ice in the pond is solid enough to walk on.(不加 "it" , 见35课, "it" 不能出现)
the ice in the pond is so solid that you can walk on it
the room is clean enough to live in
the room is so clean that we can live there
5.I tried to persuade him but he remained firm. (不改变主意的用 "firm" )
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
3 She is sure to succeed. Many people feel sure ______ it.
a. to b. for c. in d. of
answer: D
sure of+n
sure to do
sure that ...
4 He will be watching her anxiously ______ she swims the long distance to England.
a． though meanwhile b. meanwhile c. while d. during
answer: C
as 由于, 当......时候
as(当......时候)＝when, while
during prep.介词, 后面不会加句子
though meanwhile : 虽然, 用转折的意思, 而本句中没有转折的意思
meanwhile＝at the same time 同时
meanwhile 不是连词 (=meantime) n.其间, 其时 adv.其间
however adv 然而
连词连接两个句子 : 副词只能修饰句子或动词, 起修饰作用
8 Debbie hopes to ______ a new world record.
a. do b. make c. build d. fix
8 set up a recorder
make a recorder破记录
9 She is sure to succeed. She‘s sure to be ______.
a. successful b. success c. succession d. a succession
9 succession 继任者 (succession [?????????] n.连续, 继承, 继任, 演替, [农业] 轮栽, 连续性)
successful adj
success n
be +adj 系表结构
be+n 前者＝后者 (前者和后者是等号关系)
§ Lesson 37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的
Olympic games 奥林匹克运动会,简称 : The Games (一般大型运动会用 "games" )
★hold (held held) v 召开
have a meeting召开会议 / hold a meeting召开会议 / hold a party 召开宴会
hold习惯用被动, 被动 : the meeting will be held
the Olympic games will be held in China in 2008.(two thousand eight)
★government n 政府
★immense adj 巨大的
big, large大的
huge [??????] adj.(体积的)巨大的, 极大的, 无限的
great 大的, 伟大的
immense [??????] 极大的, 无边的, 一望无际的
the universe is immense.( universe [??????????] n.宇宙, 世界, 万物, 领域)
immense ocean
fantastic [??????????] (建筑等)表惊叹, 还可表示好极的, 宏伟的
great man 伟人big man 大人物large man大块头
huge(体积)巨大, 庞大
big 一般的大 / large 数量的大, 尺寸的大 / great 伟大的, 重要的
★stadium n 露天体育场
playground操场
sports field运动场, 体育场 sports 各种各样的运动
gymnasium [?????????????????????????] n.健身房, 体育馆 体育
gym : [????] =gymnasium 体育 n.体育馆, 体操
篮球场 gym ; 足球场 stadium
★standard n 标准
high standard高标准
Olympic standard意为体育最高标准(运动会中的最高标准)
★capital n 首都
capital adj 另义 : 大写的, 重要的
★fantastic adj 巨大的
★design v 设计
designer 设计师
well－designed设计不错
【Text】
Lesson 37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
When was the last time this country hosted the Olympic Games?
The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years‘ time. As a great many people will be visiting the country,the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. ‘They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called ‘Olympic City‘. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.
参考译文
4年以后, 奥林匹克运动会将在我们国家举行. 由于将有大批的人到我们国家来, 所以政府准备建造一些新的饭店、一个大型体育场和一个新的奥运会标准游泳池. 他们还将修筑一些新的道路和一条铁路专线. 奥运会就在首都市郊举办, 整个地区将被称作 "奥林匹克城" . 工人们将在今年年底前把新路铺好; 到明年年底, 他们将把新体育场建成. 这些巨大的现代化建筑是由库尔特·冈特设计的. 大家都将急切地注视着新建筑的建成. 我们都非常激动, 盼望着奥运会的到来, 因为在这个国家里还从未举办过奥运会.
【课文讲解】
4 years later 四年后
the olympic games will be held in our country...
as/because引导原因
a large number of people/a great many people大批的人
be visiting the country
be building 建设
an immense stadium一个大型体育场
a new Olympic-standard swimming pool一个高标准的游泳池
be building 修建
special railway-line专线铁路
outside the capital 市郊
Olympic city 奥林匹克城
by the end of this year到今年年底前
by 完成时的标志, 表示到......为止
现在完成式 : 到现在某一点时间为止
过去完成式 : 到过去某一点时间为止
将来完成式 : 到将来某一点时间为止, 某个动作已经发生
will have done
by the end of next year到明年年底前
by the end of next year, they will have finished/completed the work
on the new stadium.
work on... ......的工程
modern buildings 现代化建筑
fantastic 巨大的
...have been designed by... 已经设计好了, 用现在完成时
Everybody will be watching anxiously...人们都将密切注视
as the new building go up
as随着, 引导从句, 状语从句不用将来时态, 不能用 "...will be built"
be built强调建造
go up 拔地而起
be excited激动的
look forward to+n./ doing期待(很高兴的), 一定要加名词或动词 "-ing" , 与 "expect" (期待)的区别, "expect" 没有高不高兴的成分
look forward to your letter
because they never been held before in this country
before adv在此之前
将来完成时 will have done (till, until)
I will have finished it until/till tomorrow.
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4 By the end of next year they will have finished the new stadium. This means they will finish it ______ the end of next year.
a. at b. before c. after d. long before
by the end of next year
by: 到......为止, 在.....之前, 不迟于 = before
long before : 在之前很久
7 We are looking forward to the Olympic Games, ______ they have never been held before in this country.
a. for b. why c. because of d. due to
7. because : 强调后面的是原因
because of : (介词短语), 不会加句子
why－－不能直接做连词
due to : (介词短语)由于 + 名词
His success is due to his hard work
12 We are looking forward to the Games. So we will be ______ when they begin.
a. pleased b. unhappy c. sorry d. impatient
12. look forward to : 期待(高兴)
expect : 期待
be pleased : 感到高兴地, 令人满意地 / be pleased to do sth : 乐于做某事
impatient [??????????] adj.不耐烦的, 急躁的, 不耐心的
5 The buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter, so the designs ______.
a. are not complete yet b. are now complete
c. will be completed soon d. haven‘t been completed yet
5. 完成的概念
be complete.(adj)
complete : (adj)完全的 (v)完成
are now completed / are complete 都可以
【Special Difficulties】 难点
Study these sentences.
细读以下的例句 :
a Hold. The Olympic Games will be held in our country. (1.1)
This verb may be used in the sense of‘conduct’, ‘observe’or‘celebrate’.
这个动词可以用来表示 "进行" 、 "纪念" 或 "庆祝" 的意思.
A festival is held at Edinburgh every year. 节日庆典每年在爱丁堡举行一次.
We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow to discuss the subject. 明天我们准备开一次会来讨论这个议题.
The next conference will be held in Geneva. 下次会议将在日内瓦举行.
b Look.
The verb look has a different meaning in each sentence : 动词look在每句话中有不同的含义 :
Look forward to (expect with pleasure) 盼望 (高兴地期待着) : I am looking forward to the summer holidays. 我正盼望暑假的到来.
Look out (be careful) 当心 (注意) : Look out! A bus is coming. 当心点, 公共汽车来了.
Look up (get information from a reference book) 查阅 (从参考书中获取资料) : I don‘t understand this word. I shall look it up in a dictionary. 我不懂这个词的词义, 我要查一下字典.
(visit) 拜访 : Don‘t forget to look me up when you return. 回来时别忘了来看我.
a、 hold(会议, 宴会)
b、 look
look forward to+名词/动词的-ing
I look forward to your letter. / I look forward to receiving your letter.
look out : 当心(正发生的) / be careful 事情发生之前
look out of the windows 窗外
"威胁" 用 "watch" watch your head 当心你的头
look up : 查阅 , 拜访
look up words in the dictionary查字典
look up sth in the book查参考书, look up message in the book
look sb up 拜访 (visit), 习惯上用于拜访某人
He did not look up from his desk.(lesson 15 P68)
Exercise 练习 用hold或look的正确形式填空 :
1 We shall be ______ a party tomorrow. I am ______ it very much.
2 ______! You nearly knocked that jug over!
3 They say he is very famous. I shall ______ him ______ in‘Who‘s who’.
4 The students‘ union ______ an interesting debate on capital punishment yesterday.
5 My friend Ingrid lives in Stockholm. Why don‘t you ______ her______ when you‘re there?
6 Examinations will be ______ next week. I‘m not ______ them.
1. .....holding......looking forward to......
be +动词-ing
2. knock over : 撞到
3. ‘Who‘s Who‘ : 《名人大全》
4. ......held......
debate on : 辩论
debate [???????] v.争论, 辩论 n.争论, 辩论; union [????????] n.联合, 合并, 结合, 联盟, 协会
口语过程三步 : 1、dialogue(对话) 2、discussion(讨论) 3、debate(争论)
capital : 首都, 大写
capital punishment : 极刑 (punishment [??????????] n.惩罚, 处罚, 惩处)
国外的极刑 : hot seat 电椅
5. ......look (he) up......
look(sb) up : 拜访, 看看, 在英文中并不一定是很正式的, 只是去看看的意思
6. ......held......looking forward to......
hold an exam : 举行考试 / take the exam : 接受考试
【Composition】作文
Rewrite the following sentences using the joining words in parentheses :
用括号中的连词来改写以下句子 :
1 My brother is going to the Olympic Games. I am going to the Olympic Games. (Both...and)
2 We bought tickets a long time ago. We shall be leaving soon. (and)
3 We shall see the Games. We shall visit many parts of the country. (not only...but...)
1 Both my brother and I are going to the Olympic Games. "both...and..." 作复数看
2 We bought tickets a long time ago and (we) shall be leaving soon.
3 We shall not only see the Games but visit many parts of the country as well.
§ Lesson 38 Everything except the weather 唯独没有考虑到天气
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★except prep 除了
except /except for /besides /apart from
★Mediterranean n (the ~)地中海
Mediterranean [???????????????] n.地中海（=Mediterranean sea, 位于欧, 亚, 非三大洲之间）, 地中海沿岸的居民 adj.地中海的, 地中海民族的
★complain v 抱怨
complain to sb : 向某人抱怨 / complain of/about : 抱怨某事
★continually [????????????] adv 不断地
continue [??????????] v.继续, 连续, 延伸
continuously [?????????????] : 连续不断地 / continually : 连续地, 频繁地(时断时续)
the baby cry continually.
★bitterly adv 刺骨地
bitterly cold : 刺骨地寒冷: It‘s bitterly cold.
chilly : 寒冷的
bitterly disappointed : 彻底的失望: I am bitterly disappointed.
disappoint [???????????] vt.使失望
★sunshine n 阳光
也可直接用 "sun" 表示阳光
a drop of : 一缕
a drop of sunshine一缕阳光
【Text】 要求背诵课文
Lesson 38 Everything except the weather 唯独没有考虑到天气
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Why did Harrison sell his house so quickly?
My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before. He returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.
【课文讲解】
dream of : 想, 梦见(梦想)
think of : 想(思维的活动), 考虑
settle down : 定居
no sooner...than : (关联词)一...就...
同义as soon as,the moment,on doing
had no sooner done...than一般过去时, 固定用法 (时态结构 : 完成时态 + than + 一般过去时)
he had no sooner arrived than he called me up.
no sooner放在句首就要倒装 : No sooner had he arrived than he called me up(倒装)
almost immediately : 几乎马上, 很快地 (时间上的快, 常用于写作)
for : (连词)表示因为(解释说明, 附加的)＝because因为(一定要说的)
even though--从句的连词, "即使"(让步状语从句)
even though I came here, my mind was absent尽管我人来了, 但我还是心不在焉
for+并列句, 做主句
so many years : 这么多年
after + ...
after it rained for days = after so many days of rain 在这么多天雨之后
after seven years of hard work, he was successful
after ten years of staying in abroad, he decided to return and settle down
got a shock : 吓了一跳, 吃了一惊
as if+句子 : 似乎, 好像
过去完成时, 虚拟语气, 与事实相反, 后面的条件是假的
he acted as if he was poor. (as if 后是真是假, 应根据上下文来看)
my leg hurts as if it was broken.
even though--even if
as if-- as though
in the end, it was more than he could bear他再也不能忍受 (口语常用)
It was more than I could understand.
I can‘t affard it ＝ it was more than I can affard.
hardly...when...:还没来得及...就...; 用法同no sooner ... than
hardly had sb done (hardly在句首, 要倒装)
have time to do sth : 有时间做某事
I have no time to talk with you. 我没时间和你说话
I have time enough to have coffee. 我有足够的时间喝咖啡
knock out : 打晕, 击倒
he had hardly opened his eyes when he was knocked out.
The dream he had had for so many years ended there. 句子主干 : the dream ended
He had had the dream for so many years. (the dream 作宾语, 是先行词)
except : 除...外, 减号关系
【Letter writing】书信写作
The Date: The following months of the year are usually written in full: March, April, May, June and July. The remaining months are often written as follows:‘Jan.’,‘Feb.’,‘Aug.’,‘Sept.’,‘Oct.’,‘Nov.’,and‘Dec.’.
日期 : 每年下列月份写出全称 : 3月, 4月, 5月, 6月和7月. 剩余的月份写成 : Jan. (1月); Feb. (2月); Aug. (8月); Sept. (9月); Oct. (10月); Nov. (11月)和Dec. (12月).
【Key structures】 关键句型
过去完成时
no sooner...than...
hardly...when...
【Special Difficulties】 难点:
Words often confused and misused 经常容易混淆和误用的词
Study these sentences: 细读以下的例句 :
a No sooner...than (一……就); hardly...when (几乎未来得及……就……)
He had no sooner returned than he bought a house. (11.3-4)
He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house. (1.9)
b Country (国家, 乡间) and Countryside (农村).
He had planned to settle down in the country. (1.3)
He sold the house and left the country. (1.9)
The countryside around Vienna is very beautiful. 维也纳周围的乡村非常漂亮.
c Continuously (连续不断地) and Continually (频繁地).
It rained continually. (1.6) (i. e. At frequent intervals.) 天频繁地下雨.
The river flows under this bridge continuously. (i. e. It does not stop at all.) 河水不停地从桥下流过.
a. no sooner...than...
hardly...when...
b. country(国家, 乡间)
countryside(农村)景色 seaside
in the country : 在乡下住
Exercises 练习
A Join these sentences using no sooner than:
用no sooner than连接下列句子:
1 I had left the house. It began to rain.
2 We had hung the picture on the wall. It fell down.
No sooner...than...
No sooner 放在had done 中间, than 放在两大句子的中间, 不需要逗号
B Choose the correct words in the following sentences:
选用适当的词填空 :
1 The sea moves (continuously) (continually).
2 He borrows money from people (continuously) (continually).
3 The Robertsons do not live here anymore. They now live in the (countryside) (country).
1 countinuously 2 continually 3 country The Robertsons 表示一家人
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
5 It was more than he could bear. He couldn‘t bear it ______.
a. more b. longer c. any longer d. no more
5. not any more / not any longer / not any further不再
not more ＝ less比...少 / not longer不是更长
4 He acted ______ he had never lived in England before.
a. as though b. like c. as d. even if
4. as if ＝ as though 作宾语
act as if/though习惯用法
as if 是宾语从句
as 后面可以加句子, like 后面加词, as if 加在后面只能作状语
even if即使
11 He______ as if he had never lived in England before.
a. made b. did c. conducted d. behaved
11. do as I did 按我所做的做
seem as if看起来象什么 / act as if 行为象什么一样 / look as if 看起来象什么一样
conduct可以做动词, 表示行为, ＝behave
但conduct为不及物动词, 如果作及物动词, 加oneself
他表现的很好, he conducted himself well
he behaved (as) well
【Summary writing】摘要写作
Answer these questions in not more than 60 words.
回答下列问题, 将答案组成一个段落, 不要超过60个单词.
1 Where had the writer‘s friend, Harrison, spent many years? What did he want to do? What did he buy? (but...so...)
2 Was the summer that year very good, or was it very bad? What did he complain about? (and)
3 Did Harrison sell the house in the end or not? Did he leave the country or not? (Harrison not only.. but also)
【Composition】作文
Rewrite the following sentences using the joining words in parentheses:
用括号中的连词改写以下句子 :
1 He bought an old car. It was in a very bad state.(but)
2 The engine was worn out. The gearbox was full of sawdust. (The engine...not only...but...as well)
3 He could not drive it. He could no sell it. He could not even give it away. (neither...nor...nor)
1. in a bad state 状态不太好
though 虽然, even though 即使＝even if
这些词出现在两句之间, 就不再加but
2. worn out 破旧不堪的 wear wore worn
engine [???????] n.发动机, 机车, 火车头 / gearbox [????????] n.变速箱
sawdust [????????] n.锯屑, 木头屑子
saw [???] n.锯 v.锯 / dust [????] n.灰尘, 尘土, 尘埃 vt.掸掉...上的灰尘, 撒糖于糕上
not only出现在句首要倒装,一般不会放在句首
the engine was not only worn out but the gearbox was full of sawdust
3. He could neither drive it nor sell it nor even give it away.
He could neither drive it nor sell it even nor give it away. (这样写更好)
Neither do sth nor do sth nor do sth 既不能也不能更不能
§ Lesson 39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈?
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★operation n 手术
★exchange n (电话的)交换局
exchange [???????????] vt.交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易 n.交换, 调换, 兑换, 交流, 交易
★successful adj 成功的
★inquire v 询问, 打听
inquire sth of sb 从某人那打听
insquire about sth
★following adj 下一个
第二天the next day, the following day
第二个星期the next week, the following week
★certain adj 某个
some+可数名词单数时表示某个(某一个)
certain 后面的东西不能定
a certain boy / two certain boys
certain根据它前面的数量来定
某一个a certain+n : a certain patient = some patient
某两个two certain +n(复数) : two certain patient
for some reason由于某个理由
★patient n 病人
★called n 打电话的人
★alone adj 独自的
alone 强调人孤单一个
‘home alone‘ -- 《独自在家》
leave me alone我烦着呢, 别理我 / leave him alone 让他一个人呆会儿
★relative n 亲戚
【Text】
Lesson 39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈?
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Why did Mr. Gilbert telephone Dr. Millington?
While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside tele-phone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doc-tor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he was in-quiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilbert‘s operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient.‘ No,‘ the patient answered,‘ I am Mr John Gilbert.‘
参考译文
当约翰·吉尔伯特住院的时候, 他问医生他的手术是否成功, 但医生拒绝告诉他. 第二天, 这位病人要了一部床头电话. 当房里只剩他一个人时, 他挂通了医院的交换台, 要求与米灵顿医生讲话. 当这位医生接过电话时, 吉尔伯特先生说他想询问一个病人的情况, 是一位名叫约翰·吉尔伯特的先生. 他问吉尔伯特先生的手术是否成功, 医生告诉他手术很成功. 然后他又问吉尔伯特先生什么时候可以回家, 医生说他在医院还必须再住上两个星期. 之后, 米灵顿医生问打电话的人是否是病人的亲属. "不是, "病人回答说, "我就是约翰·吉尔伯特先生. "
【Key structures】 关键句型
He said that...He told me...He asked...直接引语和间接引语(KS15) (参见第15课关键句型)
‘I am very tired,’he said. "我非常疲劳,” 他说.
What did he say? 他说了什么?
He said that he was very tired. 他说他非常累.
He told me that he was very tired. 他告诉我他非常累.
‘Are you tired?’she asked. "你累吗?" 她问道.
What did she ask? 她问了什么?
She asked if (or whether) you were tired. 她问你是否感到疲劳.
‘Will Jack arrive tomorrow?’Tom asked. "杰克明天能到吗?" 汤姆问道.
What did Tom ask? 汤姆问了什么?
Tom asked if (or whether) Jack would arrive the next day. 汤姆问杰克第二天是否能到.
‘When will Jack arrive?’Tom asked. "杰克什么时候到?" 汤姆问道.
What did Tom ask? 汤姆问了什么?
Tom asked when Jack would arrive. 汤姆问杰克什么时候到.
‘Have you ever been abroad?’Catherine asked. "你出过国吗?" 凯瑟琳问道.
What did Catherine ask? 凯瑟琳问了什么?
Catherine asked if(or whether) you had ever been abroad. 凯瑟琳问你是否出过国.
‘Why didn‘t you write to me?’Jane asked. "你为什么不给我写信?" 简问道.
What did Jane ask? 简问了什么?
Jane asked why I hadn‘t written to her. 简问为什么我不给她写信.
如果直接引语是问句, 变为间接引语时, 主句不说He said, 而用He asked
told可以跟问句连, 还可以跟陈述句连
祈使句 : 唯一不以从句方式表达的
tell sb to do sth : the teacher told me (not) to open the door.
ask sb to do sth
以that引导的是陈述句
【课文讲解】
be in hospital : 住院
‘has my operation been successful?‘
词汇重点 :
1、certain 前加数字表某几个
2、following取代next : the next day = the following day
3、alone表示单独的, 客观事实上的,注意与 lonely 的区别
a+人名前面, 表示某一个拥有这个特征的人, 如 : He is a Leifeng. 表示具有雷锋的特征
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
7 He will have to stay in hospital. That‘s what he ______.
a. has done b. must do c. must be doing d. must have done
a、has done 已经做的 / b、must do必须做的 / c、must be doing
must 后面+原形, +be doing, +have done属于推测句型的三种结构
must+v(原形) : 1、＝have to 不得不
2、很可能, 对现在或者将来的推测
must be doing对说话的当时的正在进行的行为的推测 : He must be sleeping./ He must be making the notes.
must have done对过去的事情的推测 : He must have made the notes.
must have been doing对过去的正在进行的动作的推测 : He must have been sleeping.
11 He was alone. He was ______.
a. on his own b. lonely c. with himself d.unique
11、on one‘s own ＝ alone
of one‘s own 某人自己的
12 He inquired about a patient. He wanted ______.
a. informations b.information c. knowledges d. knowledge
12、knowledge [???????] n.知识, 学问, 认识, 知道, <古>学科
information信息, 不可数名词 : a piece of information 一条信息
message可数名词, 如手机短信
3 John Gilbert was in hospital. He was taken ______hospital last week.
a. at b.in c.to d.on
3、take sb to hospital送某人去医院
5 ______? A bedside telephone.
a. For what did he ask b. What did he ask
c. For what did he ask for d. What did he ask for
5、for what 因为...在疑问句中＝why : For what did he ask? 他为什么要?
ask for 要求得到
§ Lesson 40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★hostess n. 女主人
actor 男演员 / actress 女演员
host 男主人
host(v.)作为主人, 主办
★unsmiling adj. 不笑的, 严肃的
unsmiling: un+smiling 不笑的, 但并不一定表示 "严肃"
serious [????????] adj.严肃的, 认真的, 严重的 : my father is serious.
★tight adj. 紧身的
the shoes are small/tight(夹脚, 很紧)
tights [?????] n.贴身衬衣, 紧身衣, 女用连裤袜
tight jeans紧身牛仔裤
★fix v. 凝视
fix(没有凝视的概念), ① 固定 ② 修理 : fix the picture on the wall
fix one‘s eyes on sth盯着..., 目不转睛
习惯用被动, 表达为 : one‘s eyes be fixed on sth
all the eyes were fixed on the blackboard 所有的眼睛都盯着黑板
★globe n. 地球
globe球状物, 如地球仪 / earth 地球
global adj : 全球的 : global problem 全球性的问题
global --《阁楼宝》一种灭蟑螂的药名
★despair n. 绝望
despair [???????] n.绝望, 失望, 令人失望的人(事物) vi.绝望
disappoint [???????????] vt.使失望
in despair绝望的
sb./sth. is the despair of...
the boy is the despair of his parents.那男孩的父母对他感到绝望了
This boy is his mother‘s despair. 这个男孩使他妈绝望了.
the examination was the despair of me./ the examination was my despair.我对考试已经绝望了
【Text】
Lesson 40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
Was Mrs. Rumbold a good companion at dinner?
Last week at a dinner party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs.
Rumbold. Mrs. Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation.
‘A new play is coming to "The Globe" soon,’I said. ‘Will you be seeing it?’
‘No,’she answered.
‘Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year?’I asked.
‘NO,’she answered.
‘Will you be staying in England?’I asked.
"No,’she answered.
In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner.
‘Young man, ’she answered,‘if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!’
参考译文
在上星期的一次宴会上, 女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁. 兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人, 穿一件紧身的黑衣服. 当我在她身旁坐下来的时候, 她甚至连头都没有抬一下. 她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子, 不一会儿就忙着吃起来了. 我试图找个话题和她聊聊.
"一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了, "我说, "您去看吗?"
"不, "她回答. "您今年去国外度假吗?" 我又问.
"不, "她回答.
"您就呆在英国吗?" 我问.
"不, "她回答.
失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意.
"年轻人, "她回答说, "如果你多吃点, 少说点, 我们两个都会吃得好的!"
【课文讲解】
have dinner 不加 "a" , 而 "at a dinner party" 中的 "a" 并不修饰 "dinner" 而是 "party"
ask sb to do sth祈使句
next to : 与......相邻 / sit next to me 坐我旁边
unsmiling : bad mix 很难与人融合
the new film is coming to the cinema. / A new play will be on at ‘the globe‘ 即将上映
the film will be on那部电影即将要上映
‘Are you enjoying your dinner?‘
用虚拟语气 :
1、与现在事实相反, 从句使用一般过去时, 主句使用would+动词原形
if you ate more and talked less,we would both enjoy our dinner
if it rained,it would not be hot如果下雨, 就不会这么热
if you help me,I will be grateful如果你帮我, 我会感激你 (正常语气)
if you helped me,I would be grateful如果你帮了我, 我会感激你(可惜你没有帮我, 我不会感激你)
if it rained,I would not go. (会去的)
if it rains,I will not go.(不一定会去) 正常语气
【Key structures】 关键句型
If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!
a Do you remember these sentences:(KS16)
你还记得这些句子吗?(参见第16课关键句型)
在以下条件句中, 主句中用将来时或祈使句, 而从句中则用现在时.
It he is out, I‘ll call tomorrow. If have time, I‘ll be writing to him tomorrow.
You‘ll miss the train if you don‘t hurry. Please don‘t disturb him if he is busy.
If he is working I‘ll not disturb him.
b Now study these sentences carefully:
细读以下句子 :
在这一类条件句中, if从句谈论想像的情况, 主句则推测想像的结果. 在从句中要用动词的过去时, 这并不表明过去的某一特定时间或过去某一动作, 因此常被称作 "非真实的过去" , 整个条件句也被称作非真实条件句. 如果if从句中的动词是be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词之后用were.
If you went to the exhibition you would enjoy it. 假如你去看展览, 你会喜欢的.
If you saw him now you wouldn‘t recognize him. 假如你现在见到他, 你会认不出来的.
Would he get annoyed if I told him about it? 假如我把此事告诉他, 他会烦恼吗?
If I were in your position, I would act differently. 假如我处于你的位置, 我会采取不同的作法.
He would help you if he were here. 假如他在这儿, 他会帮你的.
If you could make him change his mind, you would save him a lot of trouble. 假如你能使他改变主意, 你会使他免了许多麻烦.
Exercise 练习 用正确的动词时态填空 :
1 He would enjoy this if he______(be) present.
2 She can do better if she______(try).
3 If you play with matches, you______(burn) your fingers.
4 If you broke this window, you______(have to) pay for it.
5 If you______(lose) your way, you would have to ask a policeman.
6 It you______(not apologize), he will never speak to you again.
7 If he______(be) clever, he would not have any difficulty.
8 What would you do if you______(win) a lot of money?
9 If I were you, I______(not be) so confident.
10 If you______(can) help me, I would be grateful.
1、were 2、tries 3、will burn (play with matches 玩火柴; finger [??????] n.手指(尤指大拇指以外的手指), 指状物, 指针 v.用手指拨弄, 伸出)4、would have to 5、lost 6、don‘t apologize 7、were 8、won 9、would not be (confident [??????????] adj.自信的, 确信的) 10、could (grateful [?????????] adj.感激的, 感谢的)
【Special Difficulties】 难点
make progress取得进步 / do business做生意 / do one‘s best / make the bed 铺床
do some shopping / make a speech / make ... mistake / make up one‘s mind
do one‘s homework / do ... a favour / do ... job / do ... work / do exercise
make ... promise / make conversation
Exercise 练习 用这两动词的正确的形式填空 :
1 He ______a mistake and I told him to ______the exercise again.
2 He ______business in Australia and ______a lot of money.
3 I know you are ______your best but you are not ______very much progress.
4 After I had ______the beds, I went out and ______some shopping.
1、made do 2、does makes (make a lot of money 挣钱) 3、doing making 4、made did (go shopping, do some shopping 购物; shopping 不可数名词)
【Composition】作文
Rewrite the following sentences using the joining words in parentheses:
用括号中的连词改写以下句子 :
1 She refused to answer any questions. She did not ask any questions. (not only... but... either)
2 She was not interested in the theatre. She was not interested in travel. (neither...nor) 3 She liked eating good food. She did not like talking about it. (but)
1、she not only resused to answer question but she did not ask any question either.
she not only resused to answer question but ask no question either.
but...as well 可以加肯定也可以加否定 / but...either只能加否定
as well, either 在此句中可省略
2、She was interested in neither the theatre nor travel.
She was interested neither in the theatre nor in travel.(更好, 介词短语的并列)
3、She liked eating good food but she did not like talking about it.
【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题
4 She asked me to sit next to Mrs. Rumbold.‘______next to her,’she said.
a. Please to sit b. To sit c. Please sit d. Please sitting
ask sb to do sth 祈使句, 以动词原形为标志
5 I took my seat beside her. I______ beside her.
a. sat b. seated c. was sitted d. was seating
5、sit down
seat一定要加宾语, 如果后面没宾语, 就用seat的被动语态(及物动词) : seat yourself / be seated
sit 是主动, 没有被动语态, 后面不能加宾语(不及物动词)
9 Her eyes were fixed on the plate. She ______it.
a. was glancing at b. was staring at c. was thinking about d. was stuck to
glance at : 扫了一眼 (glance [??????????????????])
stare at : 盯着看 (stare [???????])
stuck to : 粘在...上面
look at, see, watch (看活动的), watch TV / watch sb doing
notice : 强调的是眼睛的注意, 看一些别人不太注意的事情
fix one‘s eyes on＝stare at
I glanced at it but I didn‘t pick it up
glimpse of / have a glimpse of : 瞥了一眼 (glimpse [??????] n.一瞥, 一看 v.瞥见)
sight: catch sight of看见= see
I can catch sight of the bird.
be in sight
read : 阅读(看与文字有关的东西)
read loudly, read aloud大声朗读, 汉语中的读
从头来看－look at / go through : 浏览
12 Are you enjoying your dinner? Is it ______?
a. enjoying you b. amusing you c. entertaining you d. giving you pleasure
12、enjoy sth : 表示在后者当中得到了一种享受
sth amuse 好笑 /entertain sb 娱乐
entertain [??????????] vt.娱乐, 招待, 接受, 怀抱 vi.款待
entertainment [?????????????] n.款待, 娱乐, 娱乐表演
enjoy 主语是人 enjoy oneself
amuse,entertain后面会加人
§ Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗?
【New words and expressions】 生词和短语
★rude adj. 无礼的
polite
以p开头的形容词的否定前缀im
impolite不礼貌的, 表示没有注意到礼节性的问题, 所以显得有些不礼貌
rude : 强调故意的 / cheeky无礼, 没礼貌的, 表示小孩对长辈 : Don‘t be cheeky! 不得无礼!
na?ve [???????] adj.天真的
★mirror n 镜子
look up sth in the dictionary查字典 / look at oneself in the mirror照镜子
his novel is a mirror of his time他的小说就是他那个时代的真实写照
mirrot ...的写照,...的真实反映
★hole n 孔
hole in+地点
★remark v 评说
主要指说, 当say 来理解
★remind v 提醒
remind sb of sth / remind sb to do sth
reminder
★lighthouse n 灯塔
【Text】
Lesson 41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗?
First listen and then answer the question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.
What kind of shopping does the writer enjoy, do you think?
‘Do you call that a hat?’I said to my wife.
‘You needn‘t be so rude about it,’my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror.
I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror.
‘We mustn‘t buy things we don‘t need,’I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.
‘You needn‘t have said that,’my wife answered. ‘I needn‘t remind you of that terrible tie you bought 10 yesterday.’
‘I find it beautiful, ’I said. ‘A man can never have too many ties.’
‘And a woman can‘t have too many hats, ’she answered.
Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse!
参考译文
"你把那个叫帽子吗?" 我对妻子说.
"你说话没必要这样不客气, "我的妻子边回答边照着镜子.
我坐在一个新式的满是网眼儿的椅子上, 等待着. 我们在这家帽店已经呆了半个小时了, 而我的妻子仍在镜子面前.
"我们不应该买我们不需要的东西, "我突然发表意见说, 但马上又后悔说了这话.
"你没必要这么说, "我妻子回答说, "我也不必提醒你昨天买的那条糟糕透了的领带. "
"我觉得它好看, "我说, "男人有多少领带也不会嫌多. "
"女人有多少帽子也不嫌多. "她回答.
10分钟以后, 我们一道走出了商店. 我妻子戴着一顶像灯塔一样的帽子.
【课文讲解】
need
call sb sth / call that a hat
be rude / be rude about sth 对事很粗鲁/ be rude to sb 对人很粗鲁
don‘t be rude to me别对我这么粗鲁
needn‘t : 不必
on the chair 在椅子上
with holes in it 作定语
Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle.(lesson 22)
he has been there
We had beenin the hat shop for half an hour.
bookstore书店 drugstore药店, 名词修饰名词, 一般用单数
must表示必须 / mustn‘t不能、不准
need的否定形式 : needn‘t 不必/ don‘t need 不需要
remark = say
regretted doing sth后悔已经做
needn‘t have done原本不必做, 但是做了, 强调过去的动作不必做
you needn‘t have bought it你原本不必买的
remind sb of sth
needn‘t do : 现在的动作也不必做 : you needn‘t have come./ you needn‘t come.
never...too...＝not...too...无论...也不为过
A man can never have too many ties.再多的领带对一个男人来说也不为过
I can never thank you too much : 感激不尽
drinking water can never be too clean饮用水越干净越好
a wife can never complain too much妻子怎么罗嗦也不为过
need : 需要
needn‘t : 非实义动词(助动词, 系动词, 情态动词), 属情态动词, 无时态变化, 也没有人称
don‘t need : 实义动词有任意一种时态, 有人称变化
need I...?(情态) / do I need...? 实义动词
情态动词后面一定要加动词原形
在实义动词后面再加一个实义动词, 就在后面加to do
need I go out? / do I need to go out? 我需要出去吗?
情态动词后面不能直接用名词做宾语
实义动词后面可以直接加名词, 故need 后面如是名词, 则这个need 为实义动词
we don‘t need things(名词)...
you don‘t need to be
例 : He____follow me .
a doesn‘t need b needn‘t to c didn‘t need to d needs
answer: C
1、情态动词, 无时态和人称2、情态动词的疑问句和否定句都直接加not或提前3、情态动词后面只能加动词原形
needn‘t have done : 过去不必做, 但是做了
mustn‘t 不准
can‘t : 不可能(没有这个能力做)
you don‘t... : 事实 : you don‘t speak English.
附加: lesson 44的关于need的另一种情况:
needn‘t可以回答must开头的疑问句,只能用在肯定句中,可以直接加动词-ing
need doing:需要做,需要被做
① 这里need属于实义动词, 动词ing相当于名词来理解
② 有时态和人称变化,否定式为: don‘t need doing
③ need doing 表达被动含义, 如: Your shoes need washing. 你的鞋子需(被)洗了
另外:want doing :也是用主动表示被动含义
它们的主语一定是物, 不是人: Your hair needs cuting.
need to be done---主语是人,也可以是物
【Key structures】 关键句型
Must, Have to and Need
a Do you remember these sentences? (KS17)
你还记得以下句子吗?(参见第17课关键句型)
I must leave now. I have (got) to leave now. He must be a fool.
b Now study these sentences:
仔细阅读以下句子 :
I need a new hat. I must buy one. 我需要一顶新帽子. 我必须买一顶.
He needs a haircut. He must have one. 他需要理发. 他一定要理发.
I won‘t buy that. I don‘t need it. 我不会买那个, 我不需要它.
c
Instead of saying: 除了这种表述方法外 :
We can say: 还可以说 :
You needn‘t wait for me.
You needn‘t have waited for me.
You don‘t have to wait for me.
You didn‘t have to wait for me.
d Now compare mustn‘t and needn‘t in these sentences: 对比 mustn‘t和 needn‘t:
You mustn‘t make a noise. The children are asleep. 你不应吵闹, 孩子们都睡了.
You needn‘t drive so quickly; we have plenty of time. 你不必开得那么快, 我们有足够的时间.
Or: You don‘t have to(haven‘t got to) drive so quickly; we have plenty of time.
You mustn‘t smoke in a theatre. It is forbidden. 你不应该在剧场里抽烟, 这是不允许的.
You needn‘t come with us if you don‘t want to. 如果你不想去, 你不必和我们一道去.
Or: You don‘t have to (haven‘t got to) come with us if you don‘t want to.
must可能等于have to 表示必须, 不等于have to时表示推测
1、对现在和将来加原形
2、对正在be doing
3、对过去have done
4、对过去正在have been doing
needn‘t = don‘t have to / needn‘t have done = didn‘t have to
Exercises 练习
用mustn‘t或needn‘t填空 :
1 You ______leave your car here. Can‘t you see the‘No Parking’sign?
2 I ______go to bed late tonight. I have to get up early tomorrow.
3 You ______finish your soup if you don‘t like it.
4 You ______push. There‘s plenty of room on the bus.
5 You ______read in bed. It‘s bad for your eyes.
1、musn‘t 2、musn‘t 3、needn‘t (finish 这里指 "喝完" )4、needn‘t (room 指 "空间" )5、musn‘t
be bad for对什么有害 / smoking is bad for your health抽烟有害你的健康。
