★private adj.私人的 it’s my private letter/house ；private school:私立学校 public：公众的，公开的 public school ； public letter 公开信 ；public place :公共场所 privacy：隐私 it’s a privacy. adj. 《Private Ryan》 private soldier：大兵 private citizen 普通公民 private life：私生活 ★conversation n.谈话 subject of conversation：话题 talk.可以正式，也可以私人的 conversation. 比较正式一些 let’s have a talk They are having a conversation. conversation 用的时候比talk正式，意思上往往不非常正式. talk： 可正式可不正式 dialogue：对话 China and Korea are having a dialogue. 正式 chat: 闲聊 gossip:嚼舌头 have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词 ★theatre n.剧场，戏剧 cinema: 电影院 ★seat n.座位 have a good seat(place) take a seat : 座下来，就座 take your seat/take a seat Is the seat taken? 这个座位有人吗？no/yes sit sit down ,please seat take your seat,please be seated,please 更为礼貌 seat是及物动词，后面有宾语 sit是不及物动词，后面不加宾语 seat后面会加人; seat sb; seat him; seat:让某人就座 sit he is sitting there. you seat him; 〖语法精粹〗 4.When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.(重点题) A.sit B.set C.seated D.were seaed sit,sit down; seat,be seated;take a seat ★play n.戏 ★loudly adv. 大声的 ★angry adj. 生气的 cross=angry ; I was angry.He was cross. annoyed: 恼火的; I was annoyed. I was angry/cross. I was very angry. be blue in the face; I am blue in the face. ★angrily adv. 生气的 副词修饰动词 ★attention n. 注意 Attention ,please. 请注意 pay attention :注意 pay attention to : 对什么注意 You must pay attention to that gril. pay a little attention :稍加注意 pay much attention :多加注意 pay more attention :更多注意 pay no attention :不用注意 ★bear(bore,borne) v. 容忍 bear,stand I can’t bear/stand you endure :忍受,容忍 put up with :忍受 I got divorced.I could not put up with him bear/stand/endure 忍受的极限在加大 put up with=bear=stand bear n.熊 white bear bear hog :热情(热烈)的拥抱 give sb a bear hug ★business n. 事 business man :生意人 do business: 做生意 go to some place on business:因公出差 I went to Tianjin on business. thing 可以指事情,也可以指东西 It’s my business 私人事情 it’s none of your business ★rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地 rude adj. 【TEXT】 Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. “I can’t hear a word!“ I said angrily. “It’s none of your business,“ the young man said rudely. “This is a private conversation!“ 参考译文 上星期我去看戏。我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！” “不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！” 【课文讲解】 Last week go to the theatre see a film,go to the cinema go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛 go to the doctor’s 去看病 go to the dairy 去牛奶店 go to the + 人 + ’s 表示去这个人开的店 go to the butcher’s 买肉 go to school: 去上学 go to church: 去做礼拜 go to hospital(医院):去看病 go to the Great Wall go home; 跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息 I am at home enjoy, enjoy oneself:玩的开心 enjoy+sth :喜欢,从当中得到一种享受 I like something very much./I love something. I enjoy the class. I enjoy the music. I enjoy the book. enjoy the dinner/film/progeam/game were sitting :当时正座在 过去进行时态 :过去的某个时间正在发生的动作 一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述 I+be+v(ing) The girl was reading a book in the garden.A boy came to her. got :变得,表示一种变化,got angry I am/was angry 是一个事实 I got angry:强调变化过程 It is hot. It got hot. got取代be动词,got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词 说话的时候喜欢用缩略.I’m not,he isn’t,they aren’t 写的时候会说:I am not,he is not,they are not I didn’t do sth,I did not do sth hear:听见 hear+人:听见某人的话 I could not hear you.Beg your pardon? I couldn’t hear you./I couldn’t hear a word./I couldn’t catch your word. I couldn’t hear you clearly./I couldn’t catch your words. Beg your pardon? /I couldn’t catch your words. turn round:转头 pay any attention 表示注意,pay attention; 对什么加以注意,pay attention to sth not any=no I could not bear it./you./the noise. I can’t hear a word. 美音:肯定 .I can,否定,I can’t,只能根据上下文来定 hear a word, a word 等于一句话 He didn’t say a word. May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim? It’s none of your business./None of your business/It’s my business. I couldn’t bear you. This is private conversation! private :私人的,不想与别人共享 I can’t hear a word. hear a word of sb (actors) Key stuctures : 关键句型 Summary writing : 摘要写作 answer this questions in not more than 55 words. 写作当中的第一步从完整句子开始写起 【KEY STUCTURES】 关键句型 Word order in simple statements: 简单陈述句的语序 陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号 看教材第2页 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When? Which? Which? What? What?
Last week 1 ---主语一般有名词或代词构成 2 ---谓语由动词充当 3 ---宾语 4 ---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much 5 ---地点状语 6 ---时间状语可以放在句首或句末 I like the girl very much in Beijing last year. 简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语 6. Immediately left he. He left immediately. 13. The little boy; an apple; this morning; ate greedily; in the Kitchen. The little boy ate an apple greedily in the Kitchen this morning. 4 Game; played; yesterday; in their room; the children; quietly The children played games quietly in their room yesterday. 主语——>动词——>宾语——>状语 状语: 放在最前面是副词,方式状语,表示状态/程度的状语,下面是地点,然后是时间 1.主语和动词不能少 2.如果时间和地点连在一起,先放地点,再放时间 如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when and where 【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题 Comprehension 理解 Strucures 句型 Vocabulary 词汇 (1)...b... “They did not pay any attention“ pay attention: 注意(在思想上) notice: 注意(=see 眼睛看) (4)... sitting behind behind: 在...后面 in front of :在...前面 (相对静止的概念) before : 在...前面 (+词、句子、一定和时间相连) above: 在...上面 ahead of: 在...前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为) He arrived before six o’clock. Before he came back Ahead of time He goes ahead of me. (5) ...c... how ——对一个方式、状态提问 特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问 angry(adj) how(adv.)——对形容词、副词、介词短语提问 where ——用介词,地点 when ——用介词,时间 why ——用because回答 (7) ...d... any——用在否定句和疑问句中 some——用在肯定句中 none——没有任何东西、没有任何人 None knows./None of us knows. not any=no not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面 He didn’t pay attention no——形容词、修饰名词 I don’t have any friends./I have no friends. I have no time./I don’t have any time. (11)... suffer:遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)+痛苦 bear: 忍受=stand I suffer the headache. He often suffers defeat.
§ Lesson two 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】 ★until prep.直到 直到...才; 直到...为止 后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句 1) His father didn‘t die until he came back. (肯定) 直到他回来,他爸爸才死。 2) His father was alive until he came back. (否定) 直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的。 到他回来这一点之前,没死 : not die; 活的 : 不加not. 把until作为时间终止线 从句的时间终点之前,这个动作做了还是没做? 做了——肯定; 没做——否定. For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining. A. waited B.didn‘t wait A.leave B.left C.didn‘t leave I stay in bed until twelve o‘clock. I didn‘t get up until 12 o‘clock. ★outside adv. 外面 作状语 He is waiting for me outside. It is cold outsid. ★ring(rang.rung) v.(铃、电话等)响 (刺耳的) The telephone(door bell) is ringing. jingle(bell): (铃儿) 响叮当 给某人打电话 : ring sb. Tomorrow I‘ll ring you. 打电话(名) : give sb. a ring remmember to ring me/reember to give me a ring 戒指(名词) ★aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈 uncle: 叔叔 cousin: 堂兄妹 nephew: 外甥 niece: 外甥女 ★repeat v.重复 【TEXT】 It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. ‘What a day!‘ I thought. ‘It‘s raining again.‘ Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. ‘I‘ve just arrived by train,‘ she said. ‘I‘m coming to see you.‘ ‘But I‘m still having breakfast,‘ I said. ‘What are you doing?‘ she asked. ‘I‘m having breakfast,‘ I repeated. ‘Dear me,‘ she said. ‘Do you always get up so late? It‘s one o‘clock!‘ New words and expressions 生词和短语 until prep. 直到 outside adv. 外面 ring v. （铃、电话等）响 aunt n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母 repeat v. 重复 参考译文 那是个星期天，而在星期天我是从来不早起的，有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候。上个星期天，我起得很晚。我望望窗外，外面一片昏暗。“鬼天气！”我想，“又下雨了。”正在这时，电话铃响了。是我姑母露西打来的。“我刚下火车，”她说，“我这就来看你。” “但我还在吃早饭，”我说。 “你在干什么？”她问道。 “我正在吃早饭，”我又说了一遍。 “天啊，”她说，“你总是起得这么晚吗？现在已经1点钟了！” 【课文讲解】 On Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天 never: 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面) =not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词) I don‘t like her.=I never like her. 因为是上个星期,所以时态不是一般现在时。 look out of :朝窗外看 从...里:from,out of dark: 天很黑 What a day? What + a + n.——感叹句 It is terrible day.==> What a terrible day! Ｗhat＋a／an (+a.)＋ｎ．(＋主语＋谓语） What a terrible day! what a good girl (she is)! What a day! 有上下文和一定的语境，才能省略形容词。 just then: 就在那时 如果不知道对方性别，可以用it取代 Who are you?/Who is it ? just只会出现在＂现在完成时＂ by train by 直接加交通工具（不能有任何修饰词，复数） I go out by bus/on two buses. 如果加修饰词，就要换掉by I‘m coming to see you. 我将要来看你。 用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来 go,come leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,return,join... Dear me:天哪 My god! My dear! 【Key structures】 关键句型 Now,often and Always 表示现在和经常发生的动作 Now——现在进行时（说话的当时正在发生，现阶段正在发生） Often ad Always——一般现在时 "现阶段" I am working as a teacher. I do.../he does... I get up... 一般现在时，是一种习惯，真理，是过去，现在和未来都会发生的事情。 现在还在睡觉 He is still sleeping. 频率副词往往放在句子中间，实义动词前，非实义动词后 非实义动词：1.系动词（be) 2.助动词帮助动词构成时态的(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has) 3.情态动词：（must,can,may) p4 Exercises 1.are playing; "always" play; is kicking"now"; is running 2.are you doing; am leaving; (用进行时态表达将来时:go,come.leave,arrive join,return,die,land,meet) "别人用什么时态，你就用什么时态＂ are you leaving come go(I go to bed hungry.形容词做状语） (rarely 很少） listen "doesn‘t work" feel 【Special Difficulties】 难点 What+a/an+a.+n.+主语+谓语 What 对名词感叹 3.He is causing a lot of trouble 名词:trouble 主语:he 动词:is causing What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)! 【Multiple choice questions】 5."not early" late(adj./adv.) lately(adv.)=recently(how are you going lately?) A 8.A look(vi.):表示看的动作；后面一定要加介词 see(vt.) : 表示看的结果； 后面直接加宾语 watch : 表示观看; 后面直接加宾语，但宾语一定是能够活动的东西 11.D lunch :中餐 food :食物 dinner:正餐 meal :一顿饭 频率副词,放在实义动词前，非实义动词后; 如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词．要放在两个之间 疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面
§ Lesson three Please Send Me a Card 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】 ★send v. 寄，送 send sth.to sb./send sb.sth give sb.sth./give sth.to sb. send/take children to school take: 某人亲自送 send: 通过第三人去送 ★postcard n. 明信片 send him a card namecard/visiting card : 名片 Here is my namecard. ID card:身份证 credit card:信用卡 cash card ★spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v. 使索然无味，损坏 break: 打破 spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好；生活中不顺心的事;宠坏，溺爱 His parents spoiled the boy. 宠坏 This spoiled my day. What you said spoiled me. His arrival spoiled my hoilday. damage: 破坏，程度不一定很重 destroy：破坏，彻底摧毁 ★museum n. 博物馆 Palace Museum:故宫 ★public adj. 公共的 private public shool/place/house(pub:酒吧) in private: 私下里的 in public: 公开的 Why not have a conversation in public? ★friendly adj. 友好的 lovely adj. ★waiter n. 服务员，招待员 waiter waitress chief waiter shop assistant attendant ★lend v. 借给 borrow from lend sth.to sb lend sb.sth. ★decision n. 决定 v. decide make a big/great dicision ★whole adj. 整个的 all the... the whole... ★single adj. 唯一的，单一的 double 【Text】 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Everyday I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card! 参考译文 明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁。去年夏天，我去了意大利。我参观了博物馆，还去了公园。一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语，之后还借给我一本书。我读了几行，但一个字也不懂。我每天都想着明信片的事。假期过得真快，可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片。到了最后一天，我作出了一项重大决定。我早早起了床，买来了37张明信片。我在房间里关了整整一天。然而竟连一张明信片也没写成！ 【课文讲解】 The baby spoilded my night. Italian/Italy and 先后往往是对等的概念 teach sb.sth. a little Italian I can speak a little English/a few words of English think about: 考虑，思考 think over : 仔细考虑 last:表示＂上一个＂或＂最后一个＂，表示＂最后一个＂时要加冠词the I spend the whole day in my room. spend+时间+地点 I spend three hours in the sea. I spend my weekend at my mother‘s. I spend three hours in the classroom everyday. I spend a lot of time in traffic jam. review spoil send/lend/teach sb.sth. send/lend/teach sth. to sb 【Special Difficulties】 双宾语：直接宾语（表示动作结果）和间接宾语（动作目标） give sb.sth. sb: 间接宾语 sth: 直接宾语 间接宾语在后面时，其前必须加to(对……而言）或for（为……而做） give a book to me. I buy a book for you take flowers to my wife. order soup for you. 可以翻译为＂给＂、＂替＂、＂为＂的，就用for; 如果只能翻译为＂给＂的， 就用to 与for相连的 buy,order,make,find find sth.for sb. do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙 Do me a favor please./Do a favor for me. Exercise 1.He paid some money to the shop-keeper. 3.The writer brought the man a bottle of beer. What do you think of? What do you think of the weather today? cold,chilly,freeze, I‘ll freeze. What do you think of TV program last night? send somebody something send something to somebody give, take, pass, read, sell, buy find something for somebody make buy Do a favor for me. Can I order something for you? 【Multiple choice questions】 ４．找特殊疑问词的时候一定要根据答案来决定 who whom 人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom 如果对主语提问，则句子的的语序和陈述句语序一样 如果对非主语来提问，则句子要使用特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句的语序 A 正确 Who/Whom did the waiter teach a few words of Italian? 5. He spoke to the writer like a friend. in...way :以...方式 D正确 friendly单独用，形容词，一般做定语来用 作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好，用短语in a friendly way 7.whole all the day; all of us C正确 all of 后面如果加代词，代词前面不需要修修饰词 一旦要加名词，前面一定要加the all of the friends all of the students 10.the last day, final——形容词 end——名词／动词 bottom——名词 形容词修饰 day latest:最新的 latest news latest style 11.think about:考虑、思考、想 make up one‘s mind:下定决心 change one‘s mind:改变主意 make a wish : 愿望 B正确 【KEY STRUCTURES】 dies 有具体的过去时间一定是具体的过去式 一般现在时 bought kept
§Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】 生词和短语 ★exciting adj. 令人兴奋的 excite:激动 excited: -ed: 自己感到 -ing:令人感到 exciting boy interesting man The man is interesting. The news exciting,I am excited 其宾语一定是人 The news excited me. 让后面的人感到．．． interesting:令人感到有趣的 interested: 感到有意思的 The book interests me. ★receive v. 接受，收到 accept：同意接收 receive:客观的收到 This morning I received a bunch of flowers from a boy,but I didn‘t accept it. take take the exam：接收考试； take advice接收建议 receive/have receive/have a letter from somebody. ★firm n. 商行，公司 company ★different adj. 不同的 ★centre n. 中心 ★abroad adv. 在国外 副词，直接和动词连用 go aroad live abroad study abroad 【Text】 I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is fending this trip very exciting. 参考译文 我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信，他正在澳大利亚。他在那儿已经住了6个月了。蒂姆是个工程师，正在一家大公司工作，并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了。他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车，现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯。他不久还将到达达尔文去，从那里，他再飞往珀斯。我弟弟以前从未出过国，因此，他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心。 【课文讲解】 读音语调要顿拙一些 received a letter from just和完成时连用 months one month two months I‘have arrived in Beijing. has been He has been in Beijing for one year. has been + in 地点 He has been in America for tow years. 连读 work for work in 强调地点 work for强调work I am working for a school. I am working in the New Oriental school. a great number of :a lot of a great number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数 a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词 i have a lot of friends I have a great number of friends. has gone to :去了某地没回来 has been to :曾经去过某地，现在不在那个地方 Have you been to Paris? soon:很快（时间） from there:从那地方起 from 即可以加时间又可以加地点 from half past 8 to half past 11 from Beijing to Tianjing fly to Perth: go to Perth by air before——副词，在此之前 现在完成时态的标志 find trip exciting find +宾语+形容词做宾补 find the room clean find her happy is finding I‘m finding... 〖语法精粹〗 下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时 believe;doubt see hear know understand belong think consider feel look seem show mind have sound taste require possess care like hate love detest desire arrive不能和断时间连用 用进行时态表示将来时态的：go come leave arrive 第3课关键句型：一般过去式 第4课关键句型：现在完成式 第5课：一般过去式和现在完成式的相同点，不同点，用的时候要注意什么 下面几个词一出现就标志着完成式：just before already receive take 他到某地有多久了。 He has been. I have been here for three years. find:发现，找到 find the book dirty find+n.+a. 【Multiple choice questions】 (3)..... at...表示位置 be at...(典型表示位置的介词短语） go to...只要有to这个感念，它的后面一定要有宾语，go to the theater go in...(in 做副词）很小加宾语 He went in. go into...有去向的动作，还有进入的动作 go into the room move:搬家 move in:搬进来 move to the new house:正在搬 move into :搬进去了 (4)..... how long...对段时间提问，跟现在完成时相连 have+动词的过去分词
§Lesson ５ No wrong numbers 无错号之虞 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】 生词和短语 ★pigeon n. 鸽子 It‘s not my pigeon. 这不是我的过错＝None of my busness. ★message n. 信息 information...不可数 leave sb. a message:给...留便条 I‘ll leave you a message. take a message for sb: 替...捎口信 Can I take a message for you? Can you take a message for me? ★cover v. 越过 cover:覆盖 cover+距离：越过 cover the distance ★distance n. 距离 distant:(a)远距离的 importance:(n.)重要 important:(a.)重要的 different:(a.) 不同的 difference：（n.)不同 keep distance:保持距离 ★request n. 要求，请求 request for: 对...有请求，有需求 I have a request for the cake. request sb.to do sth...要求某人做．．＝ask sb.to do sth. require sb.to do sth. you are required/asked to do... ★spare part 备件 ★service n. 业务，服务 serve:(v.) 服务，接待 service:(n.)服务，业务 I am glad to be at your service. 我很乐意为您效劳． ——Thank you. ——You are welcome./Not at all./That‘s (all)right./(It‘s) My pleasure. /That‘s ok. ——Thank you for your listening. —No thanks. 【Text】 Mr.James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr.Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private ‘telephone‘ service. 参考译文 詹姆斯.斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部，现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另一个汽车修理部。平赫特离锡尔伯里只有5英里，但詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机，所以他买了只鸽子。昨天，一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里。这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程。到目前为止，斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件。就这样，他开始自己的私人“电话”业务。 【课文讲解】 garage:车库，车行 another:其它的很多个中的一个 other: 其它的 the other: Pinhurst is five miles (away) from Silbury. Bus stop is only one mile from school/here. Bus stop is only one mile (away). --How for...? 多远 How far(away) is the bus stop? How far is your home(from here)? My home is ten miles away from here. get a telephone:得到电话，安装电话 for:为了 just...完成时态 from...to...:从一个地点的另外一个地点 carry:带着，携带 I take my sister to the cinema. I carried my son. I carry the bag. cover the distance:飞过那段距离 up to now:到现在为止(现在完成时) request for:对...的需求 a great many:许多（＋可数名词复数） a great number of：许多（＋可数名词复数） ...request and ...message(并列) other:其它的 urgent:紧急的 sth.urgent:紧急的事情 another:其它中的一个（＋单数名词） the other:两个之中的另外一个 one...the other other:(a.)+n. 其它的 Some boys are playing football.and others are rowing/going boat. One is watering the flowers,and the other is reading. Can you show me another? 【Special Difficulties】 in this way:这样,以这种方式 in a friendly way in a way : 从某种意义上来说 in the way:挡路 ≠out of the way:让路 by the way:随便说一声，随便问一下（开头——转移话题，随意） on the way（to):在去...的途中（陈述句） in the family way:怀孕了，快有小孩了 on the way to school/the office,on the way home. In a way,you are kind. Sorry,you are in the way. Get out of the way. The woman is in the family way. (1) ...On the way... Athens:雅典 London:伦敦 (2)...in the way 这种方式 I do...in the way you showed me. I fly the kite in the way you showed me. (3)...By the way... (4)...in a way... 从某种意义上来说 (5)..... get one‘s own way:随心所欲 soon:不久以后，强调的是时间上的快 He will soon visit Darwin.He will visit Darwin＿＿， (a)quickly (b)for a short time (c) shortly (d)in a hurry He went quickly .quickly指的是动作上的快 for a short time:不久，表示动作延续一段时间 soon:不久以后，表示在这段时间之后 shortly=soon.不久以后 in a hurry:匆忙的指的是动作 【Multiple choice questions】 (4)...b... so表示前面是原因，后面是结果 That‘s why :那就是为什么，前者是原因 That‘s why+从句：那就是......原因，前者是原因，后者why后面是结果 I was caught in the traffic jam.That‘s why I was late. be动词后面是表语，后面的从句是表语从句 That‘s后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导，再加一个句子 That‘s when we can start class. That‘s where we will have a meeting. That‘s how I get to school. (8)......one...the other... another:另外一个 another=an+other an/a是冠词 his/my/your是形容词性物主代词 my mother‘s是名词所有格 在语法上，以上三个词是不能同时并存的，一般要用只能用其中一个 a bag/my bag his,形容词物主代词，another=an+other another强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个，强调的是有三个以上 other:其它的，加单数就表示一个，his取代the的位置 语法的范围正在放宽松 else:其他的 疑问代词，who else,what else can I do for you? anyone else,anything else?不定代词 else会放在被修饰词的后面，会修饰两种词，疑问词和不定代词 different:不同的 【时态填空】 1...did... yesterday,一般过去时 2....has never lent.. up till now/up to now,现在完成时 never属于频率副词，频率副词一定会放在实义动词之前，非实义动词之后 3.....have you burned... burn:燃烧，yet,现在完成时的标志 4......fought... in the first World War,in+具体的过去年代是具体的过去时间，一般过去时 5....have already left... already:已经 6...did you lose... When,对时间点提问 要不然和将来时连用，When will you do sth? 如果确定不和将来时连用，一般情况When的出现意味着一般过去时 现在完成时会用How long定位 7...Did you listen... last night,一般过去时 8...have just won... just 动词的时态的第一种概念：根据这句话本身找关键词 完形填空一句话的出的结论不一定是正确的，往往要根据上下文的时间得出时态
第六课 §Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西.巴顿斯 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】 ★beggar n. 乞丐 beg v.乞求 I beg your pardon? ask for :请求得到 beg for :乞求得到 ★food n. 食物 不可数 a lot of food ★pocket n. 衣服口袋 inner pocket:内口袋 jacket pocket coat pocket pocket book:袖珍书 pocket dictionary:袖珍词典 pocket money：（小孩）零花钱 change:零钱 get exact change：准备好正确的零花钱 beer money:（男孩）零花钱 pocket pick:车上的小偷 ★call v. 拜访，光顾 visit call sb:给某人打电话 call up sb:给某人打电话 call back:回某人电话 Can you take a message for me? Can you tell him to call back? call on sb 拜访某人 call at,at一般和地点相连 call at+地点＝visit someplace 拜访某地 I will call on you. I will call at your home. call out =shout,大声喊 call in sb:招集和邀请某人 For the project,the government called in a lot of experts. First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Who is Percy Buttons? I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer. New words and expressions 生词和短语 参考译文 我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子。昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门，问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒。作为回报，那乞丐头顶地倒立起来，嘴里还唱着歌。我给了他一顿饭。他把食物吃完，又喝了酒。然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了。后来，一位邻居告诉了我他的情况。大家都认识他，他叫珀西.巴顿斯。他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次，总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒。 【课文讲解】 move to :搬到 knock at:敲 knock at the door knock at the window beer;bear ask sb for sth:问某人要什么东西；request for for;为了这个目的去请求某人，sb更多的时候不出现，ask for sth The boy asked for money again/once more. in return for this：作为对什么的回报 in return:作为回报 He doesn‘t want anything in return. hospitality:热情 I‘ll buy a present for him in return for hospitality. this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情 stood on his head：倒立 stand on one‘s hands:用手着地 跪着，膝盖：knees,stand on one‘s knees 躺着，躺：lie,lie in bed,lie on one‘s back:仰面躺着 lie on one‘s side:侧躺 趴着：lie on one‘s stomach give him a meal go away later：后来 tell sb about sth,about:关于，通过其他事自己得出结论，tell you about him tell sb sth:告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)，tell you the news tell you the word tell you about the word everybody作为主语一定作单数看待，属于不定代词 所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 calls at every house in the street英国写／on the street美国写 once a month:一个月一次，单位表达方式 a.表示每月一次，计量单位 five kilometers an hour ask for,是ask sb for sth的省略 Percy Buttons?a beggar He calls at eery house in the street once a month and asks for a meal and a glass of bear 【Key structures】关键句型 a,the和some a:单数，可数名词 the:可加单数/复数，还可加不可数名词，加在什么名词前面都对 some:只能加在不可数名词的前面或可数名词复数的前面 a和the的区别 a是泛指，a man;特指，the man 在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰，第二次出现的时候用the 在表示一种笼统感念的陈述句中可以省略a和some Yesterday I bought a book,Books are not very expensive. 笼统感念：某某一类／一种东西 I have just drunk a glass of milk ,Milk is very refreshing. I ate an apple./Apples are delicious. I like oranges.Would you like some oranges? Mrs.Jones bought a bag of flour,a bag of sugar,and some tea. She always buys flour,sugar and tea at the grocer‘s a和the A man is walking towards me.The man is carrying a parcel.The parcel is full of meat. Names We cannot put a or the in front of names 表示某某一类人当中，具有这种特征当中的一个，a Mr.zhang 【Special Difficulties】难点 某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义，这种新的组合称作短语动词 put:放，put on take:拿走，take off look:看，look at:看，look for:寻找，look afrer:照顾，look out:当心 call,call at,call on,call in ,call back,call for knock，knock at:敲，knock off,knock over,knock out knock off:下班，He knocked off earlier. knock sth off+地点，knock the vase off the table knock off:打折，knock 10% off the price. knock over,A car knocked the boy over. 如果有地点，off; 无地点，over,I knocked the boy off the bicycle. Exercises 1...out... knock out :打陨，boxer:拳击手 在拳击场合中，把人打倒在地叫knock out 2...over... 无地点 3...off... 4...at... 1... knock out 2... knock off 3... knock 10% off the price of all the goods 【Multiple choice question】 5...D... say说/tell告诉 He says + 句子；He says+that+句子；say to sb. tell sb.+句子：tell sb.+that+句子 He said to me/he told me Percy Buttons 作为从句的主语 一个简单句只有一个主语一个动词 He told me Percy Bottons was a Beggar. 6.. they all/all they all of us/all of them 我们所有人 all of us,we all each/every 每一个 each:强调个体；every 强调整体 every adj.+n. 每一个（书，本，人等） each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n; each pron.直接作主语或者宾语 every person likes... each person likes.../each likes... every 不能做主语；each 强调个体，使用第三人称单数 7... once a month:每月一次，属于频率 对频率提问：how often 提问多久：how long 提问次数：how many times How many times do you visit your mother each month? How long do you visit your mother?对时间提问 How often do you visit your mother?对时间和次数提问 How soon 多久以后 How soon will you finish your homework? Vocabulary 8... out of work 失业 I am out of work,/I lose my job. 10...A... piece of:a piece of cheese 一块奶酪 bit： bar:a bar of chocolate---一块巧克力 bar 门闩：长条状：a bar of chocolate; a bar of soap block 块，一大块: block v.堵塞；block n.房子 packet:一包 a piece of.../a bit of...
12...A... same age and size 同年代同样式 street 两边有房子的街道 way, on the way,in the way 挡住某人的路（强调方向） road 路的通称：road home 通往家的路 route 路线 〖语法精粹〗 1.How can you___b____if you are not ____? A.listening/hearing B.hear/listening C.be listening/hear D.be hearing/listening to listen听／hear听见 如果你不听，怎么可能听见呢？ be 不能加动词原形；be+ -ed/-ing can+动词原形 2.The girl even won‘t have her lunch before she____her homework. A.will finish B.is finishing C.had finished D.finishes won‘t=will not 状语从句中，用一般现在时取代将来时． 3.Those who have applied for the post__A__in the office.(此题超前） A.are being interviewed B.are interviewing C.interviewing D.to be interviewing apply for 申请 who 在名词后面，引导定语从句 interview 面试 从句（have applied for)现在完成时，主句缺少谓语动词 A.are being interviewed 被动 B.are interviewing 主动 4.The old scientist _____to do more for the country. A.is wishing B.has been wishing. C.wishes D.has been wished 合理不合情 scientist 科学家；wish 希望 表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态． wish sb.to do 5.If he______,don‘t wake him up. A.still sleeps B.is still sleeping C.still had been sleeping D.will be sleeping still if——一般用一般现在式 如果他在睡觉的话，不要吵醒他 1.关键词 2.上下文 3.潜在含义 now 现在进行时 often,always just,already 现在完成时 last week,last summer...一般过去时
Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】 ★detective n. 侦探 detective story 侦探小说 ★airport n. 机场 ★airfield n. 飞机起落的场地 port 港口；airport航空港 field 田野；airfield 停机坪 at the airport on the airfield ★expect v. 期待，等待 except 除……之外 expect／ik‘spekt/ v. 期待，等待 I think so. I expect so.我希望如此［口语］ expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事 expect sth.及物动词：I expect your letter. I expect you to write back. wait for sth./wait for sb.不及物动词 expect:心理上的等待 wait for:动作上的等待 I wait for my mother. I expect my mother to come back. ★valuable adj. 贵重的 ★precious adj. 珍贵的 value n.---valuable adj.有价值的 sth.is valuable/sth.is precious precious 带有感情色彩的 precious photo 珍贵的照片 price 价格；priceless adj.-less 表否定；没有价格的，无价的 valueless adj. 没有价值，不足道的 worth 值：worthless adj. 无价值的 ★parcel n. 包裹 ★diamond n. 钻石 precious stone 宝石 crystal 水晶; jade 玉 diamond ring 钻石戒指 ★steal v. 偷 steal,stole,stolen steal sth. 偷（某物） rob sb. 抢(某人) My wallet was stolen. I was robbed. rob the bank ★main adj. 主要的 main building; main street main sentence; main idea 不与人连用 ★guard n. 警戒，守卫 life guard 救生员/body guard 保镖 ★stone n. 石子 ★sand n. 沙子 本课重点：过去进行时，一般过去时 一般过去时与现在完成时 共同点：动作在过去都做过了。 区别：过去式只能强调过去的事，和现在没有任何关系。 I ate a piece of bread. 现在完成时，过去的事情对现在产生的影响。 I have eaten a piece of bread this morning.I‘m not hungry. The clock stopped.陈述事实 The clock has stopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响 It snowed yesterday. It has snowed yesterday.强调对现在造成影响 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Did the detectives save the diamonds? The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamonds from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand! 参考译文 飞机误点了，侦探们在机场等了整整一上午。他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹。数小时以前，有人向警方报告，说有人企图偷走这些钻石。当飞机到达时，一些侦探等候在主楼内，另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上。有两个人把包裹拿下飞机，进了海关。这时两个侦探把住门口，另外两个侦探打开了包裹。令他们吃惊的是，那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子！ 【课文讲解】 all morning=all the morning The plane was late 飞机晚（点）了 The bus was late./The train was late. detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探，强调侦探这种人 笼统感念，可不加some,the ....were waiting... 故事背景，用进行时态 They were expecting...期待着心理上的等 They were waiting for... a valuable parcel of diamonds a cup of tea 强调的是茶 South Africa 南非 a few hours earlier 几个小时以前 a few hours before/a few hours ago someone had told...过去完成时，过去以前发生的事情 ...that thieves would try to... would+do 过去将来时,间接方式，转述，站在过去看未来 that 从句．典型的宾语从句，起转述作用 steal sth. one...the other.../some...others... others=other+名词复数 ...the plane arrived,...were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on... when; while 当……时候 while能用when代替； 但是when却不一定能用while代替． while+从句，动作一定会延续 when+延续性动词／瞬间动词；when he arrived when he died when,while强调动作同时发生 过去进行时： 在过去的某一点时间，或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作 瞬间动词（arrive)无进行时态 I am arriving 进行时态表示将要 When he arrived,I was having dinner. 同时发生的两个动作，均用过去进行时 When I was doing my homework,my mother was cooking. When my mother was doing the housework,my father was watching TV. 同时发生的两个动作 1.一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时 2.分工的情况，均用过去进行时 When the plane arrived,...were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on... Two men took the parcel off... take sth.off...=take sth.away from... and carried it into...carried 表示看得很重 Customs House 海关 While... ...were keeping guard at the door,two others opened the parcel. 表面上是分工，两个动作同时开始，不是同时开始同时结束，延续时间不一致， 长一点时间的动作用进行时态，短时间的动作用过去时． When someone knocked at the door,I was having dinner. keep guard 守卫；at the door 在门边 two others=two other detectives To their surprise to one‘s surprise,让某人惊讶的是 To my surprise,the teacher was late. to one‘s joy To my joy, my mother came here yesterday. to one‘s excitement To our excitement,our team wins. be full of ...装满 My bag was full of books. The cup is full of water. 总结 a few hours ealier 几个小时以前 two others to one‘s surprise,... be full of 装满 重点：过去动作同时发生的时态 1.过去两个动作同时发生，习惯上一个用一般过去时，另一个用过去进行时 ；动作长用过去进行时，动作短用一般过去时；分工的情况，动作的开始时间和 结束时间几乎相同，均用过去进行时； I was listening to the radio,my sister was dancing. 2.两个动作在同时段进行，在不同时间结束，先发生的动作未结束，另一个动作 发生，先发生的动作用进行时态，另一个动作用过去时． When the telephone rang,I was opening the door.先开门 When the telephone was ringing, I opened the door. 电话先响 3.瞬间动词没有进行时态，所以两个动作同时发生，延续性动词用进行时态，瞬间 动词使用过去时态。 【Special Difficulties】 Do you remember these sentences? come and look at... I am looking for... v.+prep.+宾语 Now read these sentences v.+prep./adv.代表不同的意思 look at 看；look after照料 v.+prep./adv.+宾语（ｎ．） v.+宾语（n./pron.)+prep./adv. take off the coat……take
take off the coat……take the coat off/take it off coat n.作宾语 put on your shoes/put your shoes on/put them on 宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词 介词出现，一定要有宾语，所以 v.+prep.+宾语(n.) 副词可省略．v.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv. 或 v.+adv.+宾语(n.) at,after prep; off adv. vt.+宾语 vi.+prep.+宾语 take vt./look vi. I always take money with me. Exercise put the book on the desk--> put vt. put out...-->out adv. He is looking for his pen.……for prep. 1.give away...-->give(vt.)-->give...away 2.woke up...-->wake sb.(vt.);up(adv.)-->wake...up... wake me up.叫醒我；代词做宾语，放在动词与副词之间 3.look for...-->look(vi.) 4.cut off...-->cut(vt.);cut oneself;cut hair 5.put on...-->put...on... 6.give it back...-->it(pron.) 7.lift up...-->up(adv.)可省略；lift(up)sth;lift sth.up 8.take off...;put on...--->take (vt.)put(vt.) 9.look at...--->look(vi.) 10.send her away...---her(pron.) 11.pull down...-->pull(vt.);down(adv.) pull one‘s leg 开玩笑 12.make up...--->make(vt.)up one‘s mind习惯用法不换,语法可换 13.ask for...-->ask(sb.)for sth. 省略sb. 14.throw away...-->throw(vt.)...away... 宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词 vt.+adv.+宾语(n.) vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv. vi+prep.+宾语(n.) 词组当中的练习，短语be interested in 如果不能接收，就记住－－放弃 如果已经说过，还没有明白，就要执著弄懂 【Multiple Choice Exercises】 5.had done.——两个动作先后发生（一个动作结束，另一个动作才发生）用过去 完成时 before:在……之前 as soon as:一……就 8.expect,wait I expect so. I expect your letter. expect somebody to do wait for expect somebody to expecting 9.valuable……precious value:名词 worth后面一定要加动词 something is worth... The book is worth reading. worthy……be worthy of worthless……something is worthless 10.加something做宾语的一定是steal 【Key structures】 Exercises D 1.As:正当 将要走 be doing was leaving ...arrived 2.was working...was sitting 3.was working...met 4.was reading...heard hear是不用进行时态的 5.set the table摆桌子 was preparing...set 6.dropped...was speaking
Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★competition n. 比赛，竞赛 race car race football match contest baby contest beauty contest 选美 暗地里的竞争－competition game ★neat adj. 整齐的，整洁的 neat=tidy ★path n. 小路，小径 ★wooden adj. 木头的 ★pool n. 水池 人工的 swimming pool pond 天然的 good pond good bad 比较级－than 最高级－of all He is the tallest of all. He is the tallest in the room. the+ -est more interesting the most interesting 三个或者是三个音节以上——多音节 比较级的构成：more+原级 最高级的构成：the most+原级 单音节的词用er 双音节 以y结尾的双音节词+er clever cleverer more clever slowly more slowly often more often fun:快乐 more fun 美国人用 无规律：good bad; many much; few little many much--more most little--less least far old far--farther farthest further furthest farther:距离上的远和更远 further:程度 further more old--older oldest elder eldest older:比...大 elder：做定语修饰其他名词 elder sister She is older than somebody First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Why is Joe‘s garden the most beautiful one in the town? Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for ‘The Nicest Garden Competition‘ each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Frith‘s garden is larger than Joe‘s. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joe‘s garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town! 参考译文 乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园。几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”，而每次都是乔获胜。比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大，他比乔也更为勤奋，种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多，但乔的花园更富有情趣。他修筑了一条条整洁的小路，并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥。我也喜欢花园，但我却不愿意辛勤劳动。每年的花园竞赛我也参加，但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖！ 【课文讲解】 Joe Bill the writer the most beautiful the largest the worst Joe‘s garden is the most beautiful. Bill‘s garden is the largest. The writer‘s is the worst. 比较的东西都是同类的事物 enter for:报名参加，强调报名 take jpart in 真真参加 enter for the exam win:赢 won--won I win. I lose win something I win the book. I win the gold cup win后面往往是奖品 win a prize:赢得了一个奖 win a prize for:因为...而获奖 win不能接对手 defeat+对手 I defeat you. 【Key structures】 最高级的标志：of in in+地点 of+范围 Exercises D 1.in 2.of 3.of 4.in 【Special difficulties】 Everyone knows him Exercises A 1.believes 2.was 3.tries Exercises B enter/enter for 1...enter his room enter 直接使用表示进入；enter for：表示报名 2....enter for this week‘s... crossward 文字游戏 3...enterd for the Olympic Games... athletes : sportsman 4....entered...the building. 5....entered for the examination... enter+地点名词 enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词 【Multiple choice questions】 3. ...It is... It 指代前一句的主语，Bill Frith‘s garden 两者比较，不可能出现最高级 garden 可数名词 garden 单数：a garden garden 复数：gardens It is a larger garden. 可数名词 + a/an 或者 -s 6......C be fond of:like I like sth. I love sth. I enjoy sth. I am fond of sth. 8.....B 对手关系不能用win defeat v.击败 beat v.打败；打 gain:get sth. earn:挣得：earn money 9... grow vt.:grow sth;grow flowers...种植 grow vi.:sth.grow;flowers are growing;...生长 in the garden 地点状语 grow tall/grow big 变得...;一般不加形容词 grow up:up adv.表示向上；只和人连用，表示人的长大 10...D sth.is interesting……是令人感兴趣的 be interested in....对——感兴趣 11.... it 作形式主语；真正的主语是to look up the garden hard work 繁重的工作 work不可数名词／job可数名词 a hard work 错 a hard job hard job 错 hardly a job：hardly adv.几乎不 Have you understood me? Sorry,I have hardly understood you. 12....B very 不单独使用 and 并列连词，不放在句子末尾 either也，表否定 also 表示也，可以放在句子末尾 often 可以放在句子末尾
Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★welcome n. 欢迎；v. 欢迎 a cold welcome 冷遇 welcome to＋地点 welcome to China welcome to my home/welcome home/welcome back You are welcome./welcome adj. You are welcome to+地点 ★crowd n. 人群 person people crowd :in the crowd I spotted him in the crowd 一眼看见 a crowd of people 没有次序的人群，拥挤的人群 a group of people 有次序的人群 crowd v.拥挤，挤满 a large crowd of people 一大群人／crowds of people 许多人，人山人海 ★gather v. 聚集 people gathered 人们聚集在一起，尤指自发性的聚集 ★hand n. （表或机器的）指针 hand n.手 minute hand/second hand/hour hand second hand 二手的，旧的 wait me a moment/wait me a few seconds(for a few secs.) secs.:seconds的缩写 ★shout v. 喊叫 call out 大声喊叫 cry out 大声哭喊 scream 尖叫 ★refuse v. 拒绝 ★laugh v. 笑 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What does ‘a cold welcome‘ refer to? On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes‘ time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted. ‘It‘s two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped!‘ I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment, everybody began to laugh and sing. 参考译文 星期三的晚上，我们去了市政厅。 那是一年的最后一天，一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面。再过20分钟，大钟将敲响12下。15分钟过去了，而就在11点55分时，大钟停了。那根巨大的分针不动了。 我们等啊等啊，可情况没有变化。突然有人喊道：“已经12点零2分了！那钟已经停了！”我看了一下我的手表，果真如此。那座大钟不愿意迎接新年。此时，大家已经笑了起来，同时唱起了歌。 【课文讲解】 A cold welcome 冷遇 cold 冷的，寒冷的，冷淡的 cold fish 冷漠的人 lucky dog 幸运的人 My brother is a cold fish. What doews "a cold welcome" refer to ? refer to 指…… On Wednesday evening in the evening wednesday修饰evening Town Hall 市政厅 the last day of the year 一年中的最后一天 a large crowd of the peopley一大群人 had gathered 强调事件的时间是过去的过去 It指clock strike v.strike the clock敲钟/clock strike钟自己响 knock at the door Listen,the clock is striking. strike twelve 数字表示敲击的次数 in twenty minutes‘ time 20分钟之后 in 表示在段时间以后 根据时态判别in 表示的含义 would strike过去将来时，从过去看未来 We will finish class in half an hour. minutes‘名词所有格 It will leave in...minutes‘time in twenty(minutes‘time)名词所有格可省略 my mother‘s ,Kit‘s,Tom‘s 名词所有格可以用来表达时间 an hour‘s time 名词以-s结尾或者本身是以-s结尾的复数名词，所有格加 ’ 名词所有格表示时间或距离 How far is the school from here? 3 minutes‘ walk. pass 过了 to 没到 ...minutes pass...前半小时 25 minutes passed eight ...minutes to ...后半小时 a quarter to nine/15 minutes to nine 时刻指点时间，时间指段时间 时刻前的介词用at at five to twelve作时间状语 一般过去时the clock stopped 顺序句式...,the clock stopped at five to twelve. An hour passed and then,he arrived. ...minutes later几分钟以后 some time passed and then,sth happened. big minute hand 大分针 waited and waited 等啊等啊，强调动作的重复 walked and walked ,run and run but 然而，表转折 nothing happened happen vi.事情做主语，事情发生 what happened? someone shouted 有人大声喊 It‘s two minutes past twelve! I go to school at seven o‘clock.时间状语 It‘s nine o‘clock;现在9点了 The clock has stopped!现在完成时，强调过去动作导致的结果。 I have had my breakfast.我已经吃过早餐了 I have... I read a book... I looked at my watch. It was true...这是一个事实 It was true that+从句 refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事 I refuse to leave.我拒绝离开 I refuse to move.我拒绝移动 at that moment :just then就在那时 at the moment: now 现在，此刻，在此时 过去时 began to laugh and sing. 〖本科重点〗 1...minutes passed and then,sth.happened. 2.What happened? Nothing happened. 3.It was ture. 【Key structures】 When did you arrived? I arrived at ten o‘clock. at/in/on/others when...? in the morning;in the afternoon;in the evening on Friday;on 15th; on Wednesday evening;on fine afternoon 有修饰词用on in a week;in January;in Feb. in summer;in spring; in autumn;in winter in 1992;in 1999 at night;at noon;at five to twelve;at ten o‘clock until 直到……时候 I can‘t enter for the sports meeting until tomorrow. from..to... Everyday we have English class from 8:30 to 11:30 during 在……期间 in the holiday:强调这段时间其中某一点时间，并不表示自始至终 during the holiday 强调假期的从头到尾 He enjoyed himself during his holiday. I was caught in an accident in the holiday Exercises B 1.in; 2.on; 3.in没有强调自始自终 4.in 5.at(at the moment=now) 6.on;in 7.in; 8.at;in 9.until 【Special Difficulties】 not...any and no... any 用于否定句和疑问句中，some用于肯定句 Do you have any friends? I don‘t have any friends. not 用在非实义动词后面，实义动词前面． not any=no adj.用在名词前面 I have no friends. Exercise B He hasn‘t any hobbies. ---->He has no hobbies. He does not go anywhere.--->He goes nowhere He does not see anybody.--->He sees nobody. He is not interested in anything--except food!---->He is interested in nothing --execpt food 【Mulitiple choice questions】 4.A people:人们，做主语是一定是复数 police，cattle是复数 8.D 敲门用knock 敲钟用strike hit轻和strike重(hit hard)在一定的时候可以互换 打一下 beat 连续不断的打 beat drums 12. deny:否认 拒绝去承认，后面一般加名词 refuse:拒绝
Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★jazz n. 爵士音乐 a kind of music ★musical adj. 音乐的 music student : the student who learned music musical student :有音乐天赋的 ★instrument n. 乐器 instrument=musical instrument ★clavichord n. 古钢琴 a kind of instrument ★recently adv. 最近 recently=lately ★damage v. 损坏 ★key n. 琴键 key to the door Do you know the key(答案） to the question? key(关键)structure ★string n. （乐器的）弦 ★shock v. 使不悦或生气，震惊 跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是＂人＂ The news shocks me 凡是能够用＂人＂做宾语，又是表示人的情绪活动的动词，有两个形容词形成： 1.令人……；+ -ing 2.感到…… + -ed It shocked me. It is shocking. I‘m shocked. get a shock n. sb.get a shock surprise 好事坏事都可以，只要你没有料到 I want to give you surprise. shock 只能是坏事,让人感到不高兴 ★allow v. 允许，让 allow doing Smoking is allowed. allow sb. to do sth sb.be allowed to do sth. You are allow to smoke You are not allow to enter the room if you don‘t take the card with you allow用被动 ★touch v. 触摸，碰 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What happened to the clavichord? We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my father‘s. 参考译文 我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。 【课文讲解】 be done call sb.sth. sb.be called be made be made in +地点 be made of/be made from(看不出原料/多种原料）:由……制造（材料） The ring is made of gold. It is made from plastic. be made into:被……制成 The gold is made into a ring. is done:被动语态的一般现在时 was done:被动语态的一般过去时 使用那一个不取决于动词，而取决于该句话的时态 只要见到ago,一定使用过去时 主动语态的主语变到被动语态中要在前面加by play: 1.跟球类连用，直接＋球类；2.跟乐器连用，＋the+乐器 play music on + 乐器 hard: 修饰动作程度的重和深 汉语中习惯用主动形式，英语中习惯用被动形式 be+动词的ing形式：进行时态 be+done: 被动语态 be being done：被动语态的现在进行时 be动词有多少种时态，被动语态就有多少种 have been done will be done can be done had been done is/am/are/was/were/ done I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made. The cake has been made. The cake was made. The cake had been made. 强调对象是人用主动，强调对象是物用被动，被强调的部分永远做主语 双重所有格／双重属格：名词＋of＋名词所有格（名词性的物主代词） 只有一张照片 my photo 很多照片中的一张 a photo of mine It happened to a friend of mine. 【Special difficulties】 Exercise A 1.of 2.in 3.from Exercise B 1.He borrowed a record of mine. 2.She showed me a picture of John‘s 3.It was an idea of hers. 4.A letter of yours was found on my desk. 5.Some friends of theirs came to see me. 双重属格结构： "a friend of my father" "my father‘s friend(s)" ……只有一个（很多）朋友 "a friend of my father‘s" √ 强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候，选用双重属格结构 【Multiple choice questions】 7....A "we are not allowed to touch it."不被允许 肯定结构中must和have to是一个感念 否定结构中must和have to就不一样了 mustn‘t:不准，不可以 have to的否定：不必(have实意动词）……don‘t have to You don‘t have to go to school. You mustn‘t go to school. 9....A keep(kept,kept):保持；保存 keep sth.+地点：在某地放...（状态） put:放（动作） That‘s where That‘s后面＋以特殊疑问词引导的从句 That‘s why:那就是...的原因 That‘s where:那就是...地点 lift:举起 carry:扛着，背着，抱着 hold:拥有，持有，握着 have:拥有 10....C "damaged"……可以修复 destroy……无法修复 pain……有身体的疼痛 hurt……hurt oneself／身体的某个部位/feelings: 受伤,伤害 身体的某个部位＋hurt: ...疼痛 My hand hurts. My leg hurts. Hurt my leg. broke——打破，打断，打碎 I broke my leg.
Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★turn n. 行为，举止 behavior：行为，举止 pay attention to your behavior turn：对人有影响力的行为 ★deserve v. 应得到，值得 He deserves praise.他应该得到表扬 Yor deserve the best.你应该得到最好的 deserve + n. promotion：提升 He deserved a promotion. deserve to do: 应该... She deserved to be punished. Good work deserves good pay. ★lawyer n. 律师 lawyer‘s office：律师事务所 ★bank n. 银行 rob the bank：抢银行 ★salary n. 工资 pay：工资（salary+wage) 通用 salary:工资（月薪，年薪）……有固定工作或管理阶层 wage:工资（按小时，周计算的）……不稳定的工作 bonus：奖金，分红 collet:搜集，领取 collect salary/wage：领工资 ★immediately adv. 立刻 at once：立刻，马上 right now：现在 right away：＝at once,immediately 立刻，马上 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Who paid for Tony‘s dinner? I was having dinner at a restaurant when Tony Steele came in. Tony worked in a lawyer‘s office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Tony saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. ‘I have never borrowed any money from you,‘ Tony said, ‘so now you can pay for my dinner!‘ 参考译文 我正在一家饭馆吃饭，托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来。托尼曾在一家律师事务所工作，而现在正在一家银行上班。他的薪水很高，但他却总是向朋友借钱，并且从来不还。托尼看见了我，就走过来和我坐到一张桌子前。他从未向我借过钱。当他吃饭时，我提出向他借20英镑。令我惊奇的是，他立刻把钱给了我。“我还从未向你借过钱，”托尼说道，“所以现在你可以替我付饭钱了！” 【课文讲解】 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来，善有善报 One bad turn deserves another 恶有恶报 work for……强调工作 work in……强调in后面的地点 some/several years ago 名词-s,前面省略了some working at a bank 比较稳定 He gets a good salary.薪水不错 The teachers in the new oriental school can get good salary. borrow from：从...借 never=not 前面不需要加助动词 pay back：还钱 and连接三个并列的动词 at the same table：坐在同一张桌子旁边 at table：吃饭 at the table:坐在桌子旁边 Would you like to join us? has never borrowed 潜台词perhaps,this time he would borrow from me ask sb.to do请求某人做... to my surprise:真让我惊讶 pay for：为...而付钱 ask for:问...要 I have paid for you a dinner. I have paid 20 dollars for the book.（强调） It‘s my treat.我请客 Let‘s go dutch.AA制 This time is your treat. next time is my turn. 【Key structures】 Exercises A a.what is happening now……进行时态 b.what always happens……一般时态 c.what happened……过去时态 d.what has happened……现在完成时态 e.what was happening……过去进行时态 a. He is now working at a bank.(现阶段） We are learning English. b.(现在、过去、将来）习惯、反复 He always lent his CD to the others.(过去） I will visit you.(将来） I visit you(无论现在，过去，还是将来） c.在过去的时间里，发生的事情，不强调对现在的影响和跟其它时间的比较，叫一般过去式． 过去的过去……过去完成时 有过去发生的动作，但是还强调对现在的影响……现在完成时 有（yesterday,last night)以前的事情，没有强调对现在的影响……一般过去时 d.过去的行为对现在产生的影响或者过去的行为一直延续的现在……现在完成时 e.过去某一特定时间发生的动作……过去进行时 Exercises C 1.gets...got 2.have not had (have-have had) so far:up to now 到目前为止 现在完成时 3.was writing were talking 4.I‘m typing at the moment……标志着现在进行时；now 5.were passing Exercises D ...动词的正确语态填空，时态 先确定主被动，然后确定时态 in the seventeenth century……一般过去时的标志 The Taj Mahal……泰姬陵 was built; became; died; was built in one‘s honour: 为了纪念某人 were called (call in:召集) was begun; was completed; cost; has been visited; (up to the present day : up to now) 【Multiple choice exercises】 4.a at the moment:现在进行时 since:自从 点时间 for:一段 段时间 for three hours; since yesterday; for a day; for three days since three days ago 8.a good salary well:表示好的时候一般用作副词 He is well. fine……天气好，质量好 10.c pay back:还钱 pay something:付钱 pay again;再次付钱 pay it :付钱 once more:again repay it =pay back 11.one……代词，指代上文的名词 The red one. a different one one……指代单数可数名词 another He is a boy 【Special difficulties】 I asked him to lend me twenty pounds. ask somebody to do something. want to do something want somebody to do 会用sb to do sth的动词： ask; want; tell; order; expect; wish; allow; advise; like; teach 一定不能说 hope somebody to do 正确用法：hope to do 或 hope that Exercises A 1.order somebody to do ...the man to fire at the enemy ......... Exercises B 1.He ask somebody to do something He asked his wife to let him in. 2.prefer：宁可 I prefer him to die. .......... b.salary wages c.borrow from lend to exercises: 1.salary; 2.lend slary/wages 3.borrowed (laptop:手提电脑） 4.wages. 5.wages. 难点： ...somebody to do something
Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★luck n. 运气，幸运 good luck bless you 保重 break your leg=good luck lucky dog 幸运儿 lucky day 幸运日 unlucky luckily adv. ★captain n. 船长 ★sail v. 航行 ★harbour n. 港口 port air port ★proud adj. 自豪 be proud of：以...为自豪 Parents are proud of their children. pride n. take pride in 自满 ★important adj. 重要的 importance n. First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Where is Captain Alison going and how? Our neighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We‘ll meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail. Topsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight o‘clock, so we‘ll have plenty of time. We‘ll see his boat and then we‘ll say goodbye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. 参考译文 我们的邻居查尔斯.艾利森船长明天就要从朴次茅斯启航了。明天一大早我们将在码头为他送行。他将乘坐他的“涛波赛”号小艇。“涛波赛”号是艘有名的小艇，它已经多次横渡大西洋。艾利森船长将于8点钟启航，因此我们有充裕的时间。我们将参观他的船，然后和他告别。他要离开两个月，我们真为他感到自豪，他将参加一次重大的横渡大西洋的比赛。 【课文讲解】 Portsmouth 将来时态 early in the morning：一大早 late in the afternoon 傍晚 meet somebody＋地点 去某地接某人 I‘ll meet you at the station. see somebody off 送行，目送 in his small boat Topsail little……往往倾注了一定的感情 small……没有感情 famous：好的评价 sailed across：横渡 the Atlantic：大西洋 over……过桥 once twice three times...... 表示次数的时候，for 一定不能加 I do something twice. set out：出发 set off begin something plenty: enough a lot of：指客观上的多 plenty of I have plenty of money.相对多 see--visit Can I see it? say goodbye to somebody; say hello to; say sorry to I said hello to him this morning. You must say sorry to somebody. be away He has been there. leave……短暂性动词不能和段时间连用 He will leave. be＋形容词（介词短语） 短暂动词 代替 状态 arrive …… be here/there leave …… be away die …… be dead join …… be a soldier/in the army He has been away for two hours. He left two hours ago.点时间 take part in; enter for I have entered for the meeting,but now I don‘t want to take part in the meeting. 横渡大西洋的比赛 across the Atlantic 介词短语做定语放在被修饰词的 后面 on the desk The book is on the desk. at the door. the person at the door. 总结 和水面有关，横渡……across meet somebody+地点 see somebody off be away 【Special Difficulties】 一般将来时 be＋副词 be in ; Is Tome in?在家 be out:出去 be away：离开 be on：上映 The film is on. be back be up to something:胜任某件事情，能够做某件事 is over Game is over. be set set out set off set up 【Multiple choice question】 2.Topsail...C will...将要完成 has... 已经完成 be in the race：take part in the race 参加比赛 at the race 在比赛场地观看比赛 拜访某地 call at 在某个小地点 at the airport 3....A be in the race：take part in the race
Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★group n. 小组，团体 group：指合唱团 band n.乐队 ★pop singer 流行歌手 pop :popular adj.受欢迎的 pop song(music)流行音乐 pop star：歌星 ★club n. 俱乐部 night club 夜总会 ★performance n. 演出 -mance 名词标志 ★occasion n. 场合 中文：在某种场合，某种条件下，某种环境中 英文：occasion = time：时候 this occasion; on the(this)occasion. occasionally adv.＝sometimes 有时候，偶尔 on the occasion; occasionally First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Why will the police have a difficult time? The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers‘ Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions. 参考译文 “绿林少年”是一个流行歌曲演唱团。目前他们正在全国各地巡回演出，明天就要到达此地。他们将乘火车来，镇上的大部分青年人将到车站迎接他们。明晚他们将在工人俱乐部演出。“绿林少年”准备在此逗留5天。在此期间，他们将演出5场。同往常一样，警察的日子将不好过，他们将设法维持秩序。每逢这种场合，情况都是这样。 【课文讲解】 全文几乎都是将来时态 汉译英要学会缩句：找谓语动词 ...are a gruop of six girls. at present 目前 up to now/so far 到目前为止 nowadays adv.目前 be doing 正在做某事 visit v.拜访、参观；（歌手）巡演 all parts of the country 全国各地 all parts of the world 全世界各地；介词用in in all parts of the world 在全世界各地 visit＋地点，表示去某地 They stay in all parts of the world. 某某人到中国访问 visit china 带有职业相关目的 visit some place The headmasters of the New Oriental school visited Lanzhou. 将要到达这里 be arriving here will be doing 将来进行时态；理解为一般将来时的另一种形式； 将来进行时态的意思往往等于一般将来时态。 We will be acting.我们将要行动了 ...will be coming by train... ,..will be meeting them... and conj.连接 the young people in the town 镇上的年轻人 most of the young people in the town 镇上的大部分年轻人 most of...大多数的 most of the books; most of the time most of + the... most of the young people most young people most students/most of the students. tomorrow evening 明天晚上 ...will be singing...将演出，避免重复，使用sing at the Workers‘Club 在工人俱乐部 yesterday evening 昨天晚上 this evening 今天晚上 night:last night 昨天夜间；tonight 今天夜间； tomorrow night 明天夜间； next night 第二天晚上 逗留五天...will be staying here for five days 演出五场...give five performances as usual 象往常一样 The police will have a difficult time... have a good time 玩得开心； have a hard time 生活得艰辛 have a difficult time.日子不象平时那样惬意 try to do 设法做某事，尽力做某事 keep order 维持次序 ...on these accasion(s)每逢这种场合 the same 表示情况相同 Why are you late? What took you so long? 注意同一意思的多种表达方式 【Key structures】 将来进行时 用一般将来时和将来进行时所表达的含义是一致的。 一般将来时：shall/will + 动词原形 １．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 ２．将来时的其他结构； 基本结构：shall/will + 动词原形 Ⅰ：be going to do something 打算做某事；be gonna[美语] He‘ll lose. 与打算无关含义的句子，will与be going to do 不能互换 be going to 与will对比；下列情况须用will * I‘ll be sixteen years old next year. Ⅱ：be + to do sth.表示计划安排在某事或用来征求意见 Eg: I am to have a holiday. Ⅲ：be about to do sth.即将做某事。 Ⅳ：will be doing 表示将要做某事 Ⅴ：be doing(瞬间动词）表示将来时态 go,come arrive,leave,die,land,join Ⅵ：be 一般现在时表示将要发生 Eg: if it rains,... 【Special difficulties】 名词所以格： （ａ）在单数名词及不以 -s 结尾的人名后加 ‘s; (ｂ）在规则的复数名词的 -s 后面加所有格符号 ‘; （ｃ）在以 -s 结尾的单数名词后加 -‘s; （ｄ）在以 -s 结尾的人名后面即可以用 ‘s 也可以用所有格符号 ‘; in twenty minutes‘ time 3 minutes‘walk(drive) how much minced meat...? I want ten pounds‘ worth of minced meat. Exercise 8. how much damage was there? 哪儿有多大的损失？ A.There was a hundred pounds‘worth of damage. 〖语法精粹〗 4.I want... A.a dollar worth candy B.candy a dollar‘s worth C.a dollar‘s worth of candy D.a dollar worth‘s candy Answer : C is right. 【Multiple choice exercises】 5....in... during this time: 在这段期间 during和in之间有区别，但是它们之间却是近义词 during this time=in this time this time: 这一次 6..... as usual:像往常一样 7.....b.... the people,the police,the cattle,复数 8...c... pop=popular:受欢迎的，everyone likes；folk:民间的，民族；public:公众的 12....d... on these occasions:在一个时候 situation: 情况，in the situation condition: 状态，条件，in the conditon 11.... recital:朗诵，演出（对外公开） execution: 演出（倾向技巧）， play: 戏剧 songs: 歌子 【Grammars】一般将来时 1."The meeting is scheduled to begin at 7 o‘clock" "But__ｃ___a delay." A.it will be B.there‘d be C.there will be D.there is schedule:按计划， delay:延迟，拖延和耽误 将来时态 it be:它是,be动词的后面一旦加名词，往往认为主语和名词之间是等号关系 there be:哪儿有，有某事发生 There will be a meeting. There was a fire. 2.He‘ll leave for Paris before you__ｃ___next week. A.will come back B.will be back C.come back D.came back before,状语从句的标志 在状语从句中不可能出现将来时，都被一般现在时态取代 3.Our next meeting__ｃ___on 1st December A.has been held B.will hold C.is to be held D.is holding be to,将来的标志，是将来还是被动 4.Where__c___a will,there is a way. A.there will have B.has been there C.there is D.there has been.
Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？ 要求整篇文章背诵 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★amusing adj. 好笑的，有趣的 amused:感到好笑的 amuse v. 动词后面会加人做宾语 The story amused me. The story is amusing. i am amused. interesting:有意思 The book is interesting. The book is amusing. funny:好笑的，可以指贬义，开心的，令人开心的 interesting/funny story ★experience n. 经历 经验：不可数名词 经历：可数名词 He has a lot of experience. He has a lot of experiences. +s(a/an),经历；原形，经验 experienced:有经验的 He is an experienced doctor. ★wave v. 招手 wave to sb;向某人招手 ★lift n. 搭便车 be动词＋形容词/介词 be动词后面不能是名词，一旦是名词，就认为主语和后面的名词是等号关系 I am a teacher. I was a lift. take a bus/taxi/lift take a lift:搭便车 I take a list. The student gave me a lift. give sb a lift:让某人搭便车 B wants to take a lift. A will give B a lift. thumb lift :拇指便车 I want to take a list. ★reply v. 回答 answer He answered/replied. answer sth/reply to sth. answer the letter：回信 I will reply to the letter. ★language n. 语言 native language：母语 mother tongue The native language is Chinese. My mother tongue is Chinese. ★journey n. 旅行 begin a trip：开始一个旅行 begin a journey trip,travel,tour trip：短距离旅行或出差 go on business/go on a trip travel：周游（长途） tour,为了玩 tourist：游客 journey：所有的旅行 go on a journey, 3 days‘ journey 2 hours‘ journey voyage：旅行（海上） flight：空中飞行 journey：偏重于陆地旅行 trip;travel;tour;journey;voyage;flight First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Did the young man speak English? I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, "Do you speak English?‘ As I soon learnt, he was English himself!‘ 参考译文 去年我有过一次有趣的经历。在离开法国南部的一个小村庄后，我继续驶往下一个城镇。途中，一个青年人向我招手。我把车停下，他向我提出要求搭车。他一上车，我就用法语向他问早上好，他也同样用法语回答我。除了个别几个单词外，我根本不会法语。旅途中我们谁也没讲话。就要到达那个镇时，那青年突然开了口，慢慢地说道：“你会讲英语吗？” 我很快了解到，他自己就是个英国人！ 【课文讲解】 搭便车：take a lift 给某人搭便车：give sb a lift 路程，旅行：journey 经历：experience. 一般有意思，interesting、funny, amusing顷向于让某人笑出声 I had an amusing experience last year. after,从句的标志，后面叫时间主语从句 when,while,as：当什么时候，until,before,after 简单句当中一个谓语，有从句有主句，从句一个谓语动词，主句一个谓语动词 after：在什么什么之后，主句的动作发生在从句之后，从句的动作发生在主句的 前面，从句的动作发生在前，主句的动作发生在后 如果两个都是过去时，同时发生，会用进行时态；如果一先一后，发生在前的动作 为过去完成时（had done） after后面的从句一个变成过去时，一个变成过去完成时，一定是从句用过去完成时。 before：在什么什么之前，主句发生在从句之前，主句用过去完成时。 地点做介词短语修饰前面的名词 in the south of 表达方位的表达方式一共有3个介词，in,on,to 没有相接的，是相离的，to 接壤，on 在什么里面，in drive to：开车去某地，drive on (on:继续），on加在动词的后面表示继续 on the way：在路上，在途中 wave to sb：冲某人挥手 I stopped=I stopped the car. ask sb for sth：请求某人要求得到什么东西 as soon as：一...就...户名一定要加一个句子（时间主语从句）， 后面的先发生 As soon as I had received the letter,I ringed/called him back. 只要是状语从句，一旦遇到将来时，变为一般现在时 As soon as you arrive,you must call me. As soon as 强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的 say goodbye,say sorry,say hello,say good morning to him 用某种语言：in＋某种语言 I speak English.I say a word in Chinese. reply 要想加宾语要加 to in the smae language as soon as：一...就... As soon as I had entered the room,I took off my coat at once. apart from：除了什么之外，except except,except for,apart from 1.when except is used at the beginning of a sentence,it is followed by for. 2.apart from习惯上喜欢放句首，apart from=except=besides 如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，还有这个人也做了，是加号 如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，这个人没有做，是减号 All the passengers are millionaire except us. 减号 3.except：从整体之中减掉，besides 如果放在句首，统一用apart from 4.except for含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意 The article is very good except for his handwriing. except for 可以不放在句首，强调整体当中某一方面除外，剩下的整体都不错 Except for his height,he is very excellent. 【Special difficulties】 I invited everyone except George. Except for George I invited everyone. Except for/apart from this,everything is in order. Exercise 1.except for 3.apart from(Except for) except for=apart from,喜欢放在句首 except和besides可放句子中间，besides指在整体上加上，except要从整体减掉 not at all：一点点都不 I don‘t like it. I don‘t like it at all. apart from=except Apart from my sister,I like everyone. Apart from a few words,I know any French neither during the journey：在旅途当中，自始自终 neither of sb,either of sb either of sb：什么当中的任何一个 neither of sb：什么当中的任何一个都不 either,neither 都是指两个当中的任何一个 如果不只两个人，就变成none of none,neither一旦出现，这句话就不会再有not I don‘t like the book,My sister doesn‘t like it either. Neither of us likes it. nearly：将要 when: 就在此时 I had nearly reached home when I found my mother standing there. Do you speak English?问的是一个事实 你说英语吗？你是说英语国家的人吗？ Do you swim? 你去游泳吗？ Can you swim?你会游泳吗？ As I learnt. learn:知道，得知 我得知：I learn; 我知道：I know As we know,the New Concept English is very good. As＋主语＋动词＋逗号＋句子，As：正如 As I think,it is the coldest day in the
As＋主语＋动词＋逗号＋句子，As：正如 As I think,it is the coldest day in the year. As my mother said/As I heard As he said,English is easy to learn. himself,反身代词单独放在句尾，起强调作用 I read English myself. 总结 as soon as+从句，表示时间，一...就... apart from=except for,放在句首，除了什么之外 neither of:两者之间都不，一旦出现，这句话里面不会再出现not 三者或三者以上之间都不：none of As I learnt,正如...... As sb do sth,一定要加逗号，再加另外一个句子 英语当中的第一句话往往起着概述的作用 有两种方式可以背诵：一种是硬背，另一种是先理解，然后按照事情的发展顺序背 【Key structures】过去完成时 过去完成时：过去的过去或两个动作都在过去，一个动作在前，一个在后， 发生在前的动作为过去完成时 过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态在铺垫，这个动作一定要发生在had done之后 until：直到什么时候为止，直到什么时候才 until，在后面一个从句之前发生了主句 until,主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对，主句和从句然后一个用过去完成是也对 I had not understood the problem until he explained it. 4.We hadn‘t disturbed him until he finished work. We didn‘t disturb him until he had finished work. We didn‘t disturb him until he finished work. after后面会家过去完成时，before后面会加一般过去时 Exercises D 1.The moment后面直接加从句，The moment = as soon as 一般过去时，regretted 2.before引导的从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时 had begun 3.arrived,过去完成是一定要和过去的过去有关 【Special difficulties】 a.ask and ask for ask sth：问什么什么东西，ask a question/ask sb ask for sth：要求得到，ask for the answer c.which of ,either of, neither of ,both of either of :两者当中的任何一个 neither of：两者都不 which of :那一个，which of the two both of：两者都 Which of the two do you like? I want both of them.I want either of them.I want neither of them. Exercise 2.both of 4.asked,ask for 5.either of,前面有not 【Multiple choice questions】 6....b... French不可数，不能用many plenty of：足够多的 not much: a little not a little: much 7....c.... neither不会和not连用 either：任何一个 both：两个都 neither of,不能说we neither,只能说neither of us 11...b... responded和replied用法一样 replied后面加宾语一定要加to, answer直接加 9....c... salute：军礼，军人的问候 10...b... tramp：流浪汉 hitch hiker：搭便车的人 passenger：乘客，付车钱 12. almost=nearly just as 正当...时候 ＋时间主语从句
Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★secretary n. 秘书 history secret ★nervous adj. 精神紧张的 be nervous worried：为以后的事情担心 upset:不安的 ★afford v. 负担得起 afford sth. I can afford the hoilday.有时间去 afford money/time afford to do sth. I can afford five yuan./I can afford the book. /I can afford to buy the book. ★weak adj. 弱的 ★interrupt v. 插话，打断 (n.)interruption disturb：打扰某人 interrupt：打断某人的话 Sorry to... First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What was the good news? The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. ‘Mr.Harmsworth,‘ I said in a weak voice. ‘Don‘t interrupt,‘ he said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year! 参考译文 秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我。我走进他的办公室，感到非常紧张。我进去的时候，他连头也没抬。待我坐下后，他说生意非常不景气。他还告诉我，公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支，有20个人已经离去。我知道这次该轮到我了。 “哈姆斯沃斯先生，”我无力地说。 “不要打断我的话，”他说。 然后他微笑了一下告诉我说，我每年将得到1,000 英镑的额外收入。 【课文讲解】 look down upon/on sb：瞧不起某人 I look down upon my sister. I look down 往地上看 The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. collect salary 领薪水 pay salary 支付薪水 so的后面加形容词或副词 such的后面加名词，容许在该名词前面加修饰词 所有的间接引语都是宾语从句 My turn has come. It is my turn.轮到我了 in a ... voice in a loud(大声)/low (低声)／weak(心里不踏实)／strong(理直气壮) voice a year an extra thousand 再有多少：数量＋extra＋名词 two others two more/once more another three days 【Key structures】 间接引语 一、主从一致：主句和从句的时态一致 1.主句的动词为一般现在时，从句为任意时态 2.主句的动词为一般过去时，从句为相对应的过去时态 （过去时：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时） 一般现在时—— 一般过去时 现在进行时—— 过去进行时 现在完成时—— 过去完成时 将来完成时—— 过去将来完成时 一般过去时—— 过去完成时 二、人称变化 主要是第一和第二人称变化，设身处地 三、只要属于宾语从句，引导词that考研省略 Exercises B 后面有＂人＂用tell,否则用say 1.told; would come 2.said; had cut 3.told; had never had 4.did; say; had done/would do/did 5.did; tell; had bought 6.said; couldn‘t 7.said; had worked 8.told; had never written 9.did; say; were busy 10. said; would wait 先根据原句填时态，再把这句话放到整篇文章中检验 【Special difficulties】 office：办公室 study： 书房 desk： 课桌 exercises 1.study 2.office 3.nervous 4.afford 5.irritable 【Multipe choice】 6.....d... （书面语）my turn has come,(口语)it is my turn 轮到谁：whose turn (is it)?who is next? 10...c... It‘s your turn.You‘re next. 12.... extra,other,more,another 最灵活的是more,two more eggs,once more more可以放数词和名词之间，甚至可以放在整个名词的后面 extra和other一定放在数词和名词之间，another一定放在数词前面 over sth：超过（多余）什么东西，over three years up：往上，climb up 【Grammar】 一般过去进行时：跟过去的一个时间或动作同时发生 间接引语 如果是现在进行时在直接引语当中变成间接引语，极有可能选用过去完成时 1.My brother____while he____his bicycle and hurt himself. A.fell/was riding B.feel/was riding C.had fallen/rode D.had fallen/was riding fell(跌下来）,ride（骑自行车） Ａ 2.He____his leg as he_____in a football match. A.broke/played B.was breaking/was playing C.broke/was playing D.was breaking/played break one‘s leg C 3.My father will be here tomorrow. I thought that he____today. A.was coming B.is coming C.will come D.comes A be coming表示将要 go/come/leave/arrive的过去进行时态很有可能表达过去将来时态的含义 跟go/come/leave/arrive相连的词一定会用进行时态表示将来时态 4.Jack was going out of the shop when he collided with an old woman who____ A.come B.was coming C.had been coming D.had come collide：相撞，是相对概念 Ｂ 5.Mike couldn‘t come to the telephone when Mr.Smith called her because she___C__in the lab. A.had been working B.has been working C.was working D.worked
Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★park v. 停放（汽车） parking，stop stop the car：车在运动中停下来 park：停放 parking area：停车场 ★traffic n. 交通 traffic police：交通警 traffic lights：交通灯 first crossing/turning traffic jam：交通堵塞 in the traffic jam I spend a lot of time in traffic jam heavy traffic：繁重的交通 in heavy traffic：交通拥挤 I was ordered to drive in heavy traffic. ★ticket n. 交通违规罚款单 ★note n. 便条 message：消息 note：纸条，纸钞 make notes：做笔记 ★area n. 地段 area：场地，地段（一块对方） place：地点 region：地区（交战，开火） In this region,there were a lot of wars. ★sign n. 指示牌 ★reminder n. 提示 remind v.：提示，提醒 remind sb of sth remind sb to do sth An older photo can remind me of my childhood. You remind me of your mother. reminder：可以指人，可以指物 ★fail v. 无视，忘记 fail v.失败 fail＋宾语：失败做某事 fail in doing sth：在某些方面失败 He failed./He failed in examination. fail to do：没有能够在某事 He failed to swim acrooss the river. not fail to do sth.一定能够某事 I can not fail to pass it. You can not fail to drive it.你一定能够驾驶 If you receive a request like this,You can not fail to obey it. If you arrived in Beijing ,you cannot fail to find the New Oriental School. ★obey v. 服从 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What was the polite request? If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: ‘sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a "No Parking" area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder.‘ If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! 参考译文 一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！ 【课文讲解】 fail,fail to do sth,not fail to do sth：一定能够做 park：停放 in the wrong place wrong：不合适的， right：合适的 He is the right person who you are looking for. They met(A met B)in the wrong place at the wrong time. You met the wrong person in the wrong place at the wrong time. 真实条件句：假设很有可能发生．If it snows 只要是状语从句，一律用一般现在取代一般将来 如果在条件从句中，从句往往是一般现在时，主句仍然为一般将来时 真实条件句中，从句往往为现在时，主句中会用一般将来时或祈使句 If he is sleeping,don‘t wake him up. If 引导的叫条件句，without后面的名词也叫条件句 without+n.：如果没有 Without water,fish cannot live. however=but,然而 however常常放在句首或句子中都可以，but习惯放在两个句子之间 but转折性语义比较强，however转折语义比较弱 traffic police：交通警 sometimes：有几次，有时，偶尔 on my car sir,直接称呼的时候不和姓相连 １．表示尊称 ２．考研不知道对方姓什么，只要知道对方是男性就可以 welcome sb to+地点：欢迎某人来某地 pay attention to：注意（思想上） if.真实条件 You will enjoy your stay here,enjoy：享受，stay(n.) I have enjoyed my stay here. Enjoy your stay here. only a reminder==not a ticket receive a quest like this,cannot fail to obey it 总结 主句会有祈使句，一般将来时，情态动词 without＋名词：如果没有，起了条件的作用 withou your help/rain however=but,往往一出现，前后都有标点符号隔开，后面会加逗号，but不会 对一个不认识的男士，sir; mister的后面一定要加姓，sir的后面不能加姓 sir/madam enjoy your stay here I have enjoyed my stay here. You cannot fail to obey it:你一定会遵守 【Key Structures】 Exercises C 1.rains,shall do 2.will never pass 3.is 4.will get 5.enjoys, why doesn‘t跟第三人称连用，是一种建议；why not连在一起表示建议 6.is 【Special difficulties】 a.police,一定会做复数看待 b.pay attention to,care,take care of,look after pay attention to：思想上注意，notice care：关心，在意， I don‘t car：我不在乎，who cares：我不在乎 take care of==look after：照顾，照料 c.remind and remember remind：提醒，remind sb of sth, remind sb to do sth remember：记起，记得 (1) Do you remember? remember sth (2) remember 记得吗？ (3) remember to do sth：记得要去做，remember to send the letter remember doing sth：记得已经做了,I remembered sending the letter. Rember sb to your another：前者向后者表示问候 Rember me to your mother：代我向你母亲问好 送行：goodbye Have you enjoy your stay here? I have enjoyed my stay here. Remember me to your family. Today I will meet sb at the airport/station. Hello,good morning,/afternoon. Long time no see. How are you?Fine,thank you,and you?I am fine too,thank you. Welcome to Beijing. Exercise 1...pay attention... look after……look+prep.+宾语 pay attention(to sth.)：注意 只有当你注意的时候，你才会学到东西． 2....remind... remind sb.of sth. remind sb.about sth. think of = think about：思考，考虑 3....are knocking... 4....look after... 照料 5....Remember me... 典型的问候语 ＂向某人表达问候＂ 【Multiple choice questions】 1... seldom：很少（否定意思） hardly：几乎不（否定意思） occasionally=sometimes：偶尔 I‘hardly went there. 6.... No Parking： park：停放（侧重放） stop：让运动中的东西停下来 leave sth.here leave：离开，留下来，丢在某地（一定要加宾语和地点） I left keys at home. I left my wallet in the taxi. 7... only nothing：东西，事情 no one：人 nothing extra：× nothing more： √ nothing……不定代词 不定代词的修饰词，要放在不定代词的后面 anything important：重要的事情
It is nothing,他什么都不是． extra做定语时，一定要放在被修饰词前面 one extra thousand two more.../...more 可以放在被修饰词前面或后面 9....d... enjoy的典型用法：主语从宾语身上得到享受 laugh at（sb.)：嘲笑某人 amuse（sb.)：让某人笑出来 please(sb.)：让某人高兴；取悦 可以直接加人的动词： shock,surprise,amuse,please,worry 共同特征：和人的感觉相连 be worried about：为...担心 I am worried about my house. My house worries me. 我的房子让我担心。
Lesson 17 Always young 青春常驻 【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 ★appear v. 登场，扮演 appear：显示，露面≠disappear(都是不及物动词） The plane disappeared. The plane appeared. The actor appeared. appear as：扮演...角色 He appeared as a prince. on the stage;在舞台上 appear on the stage as.... My aunt appeared on the stage as young girl. I work as a teacher. She worked as a nurse. appear：露面，显得 He appears nervous. He appears happy. I appears tired. ★stage n. 舞台 on the stage：在舞台上 in the stage：在某一阶段 ★bright adj. 鲜艳的 bright red：鲜红色 bright yellow：明黄色 bright blue：宝蓝色 ★stocking n. （女用）长筒袜 ★sock n. 短袜 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Why doesn‘t Aunt Jennifer tell anyone how old she is? My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asks her how old she is, she always answers, ‘Darling, it must be terrible to be grown up!‘ 参考译文 我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员，她至少也有35岁了。尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出。这一次，她将扮演一个17岁的少女。演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。一旦有人问起她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长成大人真可怕啊！” 【课文讲解】 actress：女演员 actor：男演员 以-or,-er结尾的，是男性 以-ress结尾的，是女性 waiter：男服务员 waitress：女服务员 prince：王子 princess：公主 god：神 （God：上帝） goddess：女神 lion：公狮子 lioness：母狮子 doctor：男医生 woman doctor：女医生 thirty-five years old：三十五岁 must be must + 动词原形：＂不得不，必须：（对现在的）推测＂ least……little的最高级＂至少，最少＂ at most……＂最多＂ She is fifteen years old. She must be fifteen years old. She must be at most fifteen years old. She must be at least fifteen years old. She must be a model. in spite of：尽管 in spite of this：尽管如此 In spite of this,I still like school. join:参加了某一种团体 take part in :参加某一种活动 attend：出席 join the army：参军 join the party：入党 join us:(口)加入我们中来 join sb./sth. take part in the race：参加比赛 take part in a play take part in the party attend meeting：参加会议，出席会议 attend the party：出席宴会 attend class：上课 This time：这一次 a girl of seventeen She is eighteen years old. She is a girl of eighteen. She is a old man of sixty. must do：必须做 ＝have to; 推测 in……（介词）穿着...样的衣服 （＋颜色、衣服） 用介词短语取代动词，避免了一句话中出现两个动词 The boy in green. in a bright red dress：鲜红色的连衣裙 long black stocking：长的黑色长筒袜 last year in another play（表示扮演过很多的角色） had to：必须（不能加介词，＋动词原形） bright,orange-coloured dress：鲜艳的桔黄色衣服 ever==at any time：任何时候（时间副词） it must be：一定（推测） must +原形……对现在的推测 it……形式主语，用不定式做真正的主语 grown up：（形容词短语）成年人 grow up：（人）成长 be a grown-up：作为一个成年人 must be thirty-five years old It is a secret/privacy. I forget it. 【Key structures】 Must的用法： Must+原形……(1)＝have to＂不得不，必须＂ (2)（对现在的）推测 在过去时的句子中，要用have to 来表示＂必须＂ have to……可以有任意时态 She will have to... She had to... She has to... She has/I have had to... have to……作为实义动词，否定式为don‘t have to will not have to didn‘t have to 对现在的推测：must do 对过去的推测：must have done 在 I think.he thinks...的从句中，一定要用事实说话。 （３）...b... in one‘s opinion=I think "就某人看来＂ 【Special difficulties】 (a) As: As a young girl...(介词)"作为" As I learned,...(代词)＂正如＂ As I am busy==because＂由于＂ As I was leaving the house...==when＂当...时＂ Do as you are told. as……方式状语从句的引导词 I work as...＂作为...工作＂ (b) Dress,Suit,Costume: dress：＂裙子，晚礼服，连衣裙＂（女式） suit：＂套装＂（男式） costume：＂演出服，民族服装，某一年代所穿的服装＂ (c)Grow,Grow up： grow：＂长＂ grow up：＂生长，成长＂（指人） Exercises B. Choose the correct words in the following sentences: (1)...grow... (2)...suit... (3)...costume... fancy-dress-party：化妆舞会 hire：雇，租 (4)...dress... Must:推测；必须＝have to 【Multiple choice questions】 (1)...d... suggest：暗示 right age：适合的年龄 too...to...：太...以至于不能 (2)...b... She must be...推测 exactly:(副词) 确切地 exact words (7)... it is + a.+to do... 形式主语＂某人做某件事情..." It is troublesome to learn English. It is troublesome for us to learn English. (for sb.)为逻辑主语 have to do =...is necessary You have to go home.=It is necessary for you to go home. (8)..... appear：扮演 seems：看起来，似乎 be on show：展览，演出 show：显示，给...看 be presented：出席 √ be present：出席(≠be absent：缺席) (11)...a... instead of：代替 sock：短袜 either...or...：或者...或者 stocking：长筒袜（女用） neither...nor...：即不...也不... in stead of 后面的词，往往是没做或不做的事情 (12)....d... grown up：成年人（的） grow up；成长 adolescent：青春期的(13-16岁) adolescent criminal：青春期犯罪 teenager：十几岁的人(10-20岁) adult：成年人
