master:上帝与硕士乃主师 作者:清抹 硕士研究生毕业时将获得Master的称号。于是乎,大家就知道了master是硕士。硕士硕士,丰硕学问之士。这硕字,在汉语中本为大、石一般坚固、学识渊博、德高望重之类意思,而硕士嘛,自然而然指贤德的人、有学问的人。《新五代史·宦者传论》:"故前后左右者日益亲,则忠臣硕士日益疎,而人主之势日益孤";宋·曾巩《与杜相公书》:"宿师硕士,杰立相望"。近代大学教育出现后,中国人开始把学士和博士之间的学位称为硕士。 那么在英语中,master的准确意思是什么?之所以提出这问题,是因为我们知道,在基督教被奉为国教的英美,连上帝、耶稣基督都可以被称为master,难道那也是"硕士"不成? 词典上说,它覆盖如下16类数十种之多的定义: (男)主人、主子; (男)户主、雇主; (商船)船长; 有控制(/使用/处理)权的人、统治者; (技艺高超的)艺术家、音乐家、演奏者; 大师、名家、专家、学者; 名家作品; (能带学徒的)匠人、师傅、能手; 男教师、男家庭教师; (用于人名前称呼)少爷; (用于职位名)长官; (学院的)院长、(中小学的)校长; 硕士、文学硕士、理学硕士; 获胜者; (桥牌比赛)大师级; 主导、控制; 哲学(/宗教)导师、受尊敬的宗教领袖; 占有者、占有奴隶的人、掌管狗(/马)的人; (法庭的)法官助理; [M~][苏格兰]子爵(/男爵)的长子; [the M~]耶稣基督、主; 主持人; 唱片模版、(音/像的)原版、母带; 主导装置、母机; [方]丈夫; [古]先生"等, 及由此而来衍生的形容词和及物动词意义 "主人的; 主要的、最重要的; 能带学徒的、技术熟练的、精通的、优秀的; 控制的、支配的、总的、统治的; [常用以构成复合词]最高级的; 复制品之原始资料的; 做…的主人、政府、制服、控制; 精通、掌握; [罕]统治、指挥; 灌制…的唱片原版"等。 怎么样?够繁琐的吧? 由上述词义归纳,大致看出,master在词源上指那些达到了更大的范围、掌握了更多知识/能力的人,是他人的引导者。由此采用一种简便的替代办法,毋须辩识上述繁琐意思,简单扼要地把master理解为"主师"即可。 主者,主人、主持、主宰、主管也;师者,大师、宗师、老师、教师、导师、师傅、师长、为人师表也。二者合一,主师并非小人物而是大人物,前面各种词义皆为各种行业里的"主师",疑难迎刃而解。 诸位若有兴趣,可试试下面例句,若不看括号里的解释,要能一目了然指出各种master一一为何,我敢说绝对不轻松,即使是英语系的教授也要为之头疼。但用"主师"却三下五去二,快刀斩乱麻,全部搞定。 ~ and man(老板与工人、主与仆); the ~ of the house (家长、户主); be one's own ~ (独立、自主); be ~ in one's own house (独立、自主); ~ mariner(船长); obtain one's ~'s certificate(船长); the ~ of a large tea plantation (园主); He is the ~ of the situation. 他是那处境的控制者; If only I could be ~ of this subject.(若我完全知道这事的话); You cannot be the ~ of your own fate. 你不可能是你自己命运的主宰人; He is a ~ of a large fortune. 他可以自由支配财富; The old ~s are referred to those great painters of the 13th to 17th centuries.(艺术大师); a ~ of the piano(钢琴大师、家); a ~ of three languages (三种语言的专家); the work of a ~ hand(名家之手的作品); a ~ mind(学者头脑); a ~ in literature(文学大师); a chess ~ (象棋大师、名家); make oneself ~ of(使自己成为…的专家); spent a long time in studying the ~s of European literature(用长时期于研究欧洲文学的名家作品、大师); a ~ carpenter (/builder) (木匠/建筑师傅); a ~ at bargaining (讨价还价的能手); a ~ boxer(拳击师); ~ key(万能钥匙); the mathematics ~ (数学男教师); school-~(男教师); house-~(男家庭教师); a dancing (/fencing/riding) ~(舞蹈/剑术/马术男教师、能手、专家); The servants spoke to the boy as M~ Charles (Jones), since he was not to his 14 year's age. (仆人称呼这男孩为少爷查尔斯炯斯,因为他还未满14岁); a harbor ~(港务长); Yes, M~!(是的,长官); a ~ of the college (/school)(学院/学校的校长); M~ of Arts(文学硕士);M~ of Science(理学硕士); a ~'s degree in biology(硕士学位); His ~ passion is motor-racing. (他的主导激情是摩托赛车); Let's see who will be the final ~.(让我们看谁会是最终的获胜者); a ~ plan(总计划);be ~ of (控制、掌握); a ~ in philosophy (哲学导师、大师、专家); a Jesuit ~(耶稣会受尊敬的宗教领袖); a ~ of foxhounds(猎狐犬训养者); a ~ as the chief officer of a hunt(首席指挥领犬者); M~ of the Horse(王室御马官);M~ of Ceremonies(司仪官); a ~ in that court(该法庭的法官助理); The Holy M~, Jesus Christ, our savior! 神圣的主,耶稣基督,我们的拯救者(神圣主,耶稣基督,我们的拯救者); a broadcasting ~ (广播主持人); a philanthropic ~(慈善行动主持人); a ~ tape (母带); ~ and wife(丈夫与妻子); Listen to me, ~s!,(听我的先生们!); He finally ~ed his addiction to drugs. (他最终摆脱吸毒); ~ one's temper (/feelings) (控制自己的脾气/感觉); ~ a horse(驭马); Can mankind ~ the nature?(人类能征服自然吗); ~ed the language in a year's study(一年的学习掌握了该语言); ~ the saxophone(精通萨克斯管); ~ the tribe(统治部落); ~ a small troop(指挥一个小部队); ~ a tape (/disc)(灌制磁带/磁盘) 耶酥基督,our Master
补充例句如下: He is good at mastering horse.他善于驯马。 Russian is a diffcult language to master.俄语是一种难掌握的语言。 You must learn to master your temper.你须学会控制自己的情绪。 Master of Arts 文科硕士 master of ceremonies 司仪 Where is the master of the house?房主在哪儿? A school master is a male teacher.校长是位男老师。 He was a master of English style.他是一位英文文体大师。 The first mate was studying to become a master.大副正在学习准备当船长。 The dog obeyed his master.这只狗听主人的话。 The sculpture of a group of heroes in the centre of the city square shows a master hand. 市中心广场的英雄群像的雕塑显示了高超的艺术。 a master in pig-feeding 养猪能手 the master of a large tea plantation.大茶叶种植园的主人 The captain of a merchant ship.Also called master mariner 商船船长也作 master mariner Master Jesus 主耶稣 a master of three languages 掌握三种语言的专家 Master Used as a title for any of various male officers having specified duties concerning the management of the British royal household. Master 男官员:用于负责英国王室内务管理的各级男性官员的头衔 Master Used as a courtesy title before the given or full name of a boy not considered old enough to be addressed as Mister. Master 少爷:用于年龄上还不足被称为“先生”的少年的名字前的敬称 Master A man who owns a pack of hounds or is the chief officer of a hunt Master即拥有猎犬群的人,狩猎掌管者 a master plot 最重要的情节 a master switch 主要开关 a master thief 手段高明的窃贼 mastered the language in a year's study 一年的学习后就掌握了这种语言 He finally mastered his addiction to drugs.他最终战胜了毒瘾